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What role does Trina RNA play in gene expression?
A transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule attaches to a specific amino acid in the cell cytoplasm specific to its anticodon, and takes it to a ribosome where it will pair its anticodon with the complementary mRNA codon and drop off the amino acid, which will be placed into the protein being formed. The tRNA molecule is then free to attach to another amino acid in the cytoplasm. This is called translation because the tRNA translates the mRNA code into amino acids.
Is there a specific type of mRNA for each amino acid?
Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.
How does the structure of an amino acid enable it to play its most important roles in cells?
The presence of carboxyl and amino groups gives it the ability to form peptide bonds, and its side chain gives it unique chemical properties.
What does glycine mean?
It is an amino acid, one of the building blocks of proteins. Also can play a role of osmoprotectant, helping organisms to withstand osmotic stress.
What is the differences between amino acid trytophan and phenylalanie?
Phenylalanine uses the same transport system as tryptophan to cross the blood-brain barrier. They are both large, hydrophobic amino acids. Phenylalanine is an alanine with a phenyl group attached. Tryptophan has an indole ring structure. Both of these amino acids play a role in regulating mood. Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine, another important amino acid. Tryptophan is necessary for glucose synthesis.
What conditions is serotonin associated with?
Neurotransmitter synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan, serotonin is assumed to play a biochemical role in mood and mood disorders, including anxiety, depression , and bipolar disorder.
What role do amino acids play in protein synthesis?
Protein synthesis is the process of putting amino acids together to form a protein. So it's not a matter of which amino acids are vital. If you are asking which amino acids are vital in the synthesis of a specific protein, that would totally depend on which protein you are making.
What role do lysosmes play in metabolism?
They involve in digestion.
What is chromium?
Chromium is an essential trace mineral. French chemist Louis-Nicholas Vaquelin discovered it in 1797. Many years later, Walter Mertz, an American physician and research scientist, discovered that chromium played a key role in carbohydrate metabolism. Later researchers agreed that chromium may be the most active component in a group of nutrients that play an important role in blood sugar balance, including nicotinic acid (a version of vitamin B3), and the amino acids that make up glutathione (glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine).
What determines the identity of an amino acid in a proteins?
Amino acids play central roles both as building blocks of proteins and as intermediates in metabolism. The 20 amino acids that are found within proteins convey a vast array of chemical versatility. The precise amino acid content, and the sequence of those amino acids, of a specific protein, is determined by the sequence of the bases in the gene that encodes that protein. The chemical properties of the amino acids of proteins determine the biological activity of the protein. Proteins not only catalyze all (or most) of the reactions in living cells, they control virtually all cellular process. In addition, proteins contain within their amino acid sequences the necessary information to determine how that protein will fold into a three dimensional structure, and the stability of the resulting structure. The field of protein folding and stability has been a critically important area of research for years, and remains today one of the great unsolved mysteries. It is, however, being actively investigated, and progress is being made every day.As we learn about amino acids, it is important to keep in mind that one of the more important reasons to understand amino acid structure and properties is to be able to understand protein structure and properties. We will see that the vastly complex characteristics of even a small, relatively simple, protein are a composite of the properties of the amino acids which comprise the protein.Essential amino acidsHumans can produce 10 of the 20 amino acids. The others must be supplied in the food. Failure to obtain enough of even 1 of the 10 essential amino acids, those that we cannot make, results in degradation of the body's proteins-muscle and so forth-to obtain the one amino acid that is needed. Unlike fat and starch, the human body does not store excess amino acids for later use-the amino acids must be in the food every day.The 10 amino acids that we can produce are alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine and tyrosine. Tyrosine is produced from phenylalanine, so if the diet is deficient in phenylalanine, tyrosine will be required as well. The essential amino acids are arginine (required for the young, but not for adults), histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. These amino acids are required in the diet. Plants, of course, must be able to make all the amino acids. Humans, on the other hand, do not have all the the enzymes required for the biosynthesis of all of the amino acids.Why learn these structures and properties?It is critical that all students of the life sciences know well the structure and chemistry of the amino acids and other building blocks of biological molecules. Otherwise, it is impossible to think or talk sensibly about proteins and enzymes, or the nucleic acids.
What role do enzymes play in metabolism?
They control all reactions of metabolism . Enzymes speed up all reactions in body .
Describe the role that enzymes play in the process of metabolism?
Enzymes increase the rate of the chemical reactions carried out during metabolism.
