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Nearly all airliners, small jets, and even some small piston engine single and twin-engine airplanes are designed with pressurized cabins. Pressurizing the cabin allows the aircraft to operate at altitudes where there is too little air pressure for pilots and passengers to remain alert. In jets, clean air from the compressor stage of the engine, called bleed air, is routed via pressurized ducting into the cabin and an outflow valve regulates the escaping air to keep higher atmospheric pressure inside the cabin. During manufacture, rivet holes and window gaps are sealed, and inflatable door seals are installed, to reduce the amount of air that can escape, keeping the cabin pressurized. If the outflow valve fails, a pressure relief valve is installed to prevent the system from exceeding pressure design limits and rupturing the fuselage or blowing out a window. On piston engine airplanes, pressurized air from an engine driven turbocharger or supercharger pressurizes the cabin in the same manner.

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