A coup or coup d'Etat.
checks
The idea is referred to as "states' rights".
Liberals and conservatives would likely not be in favor of the exclusive power of Congress. It is referred to as the elastic clause.
decentralization
Yes they are and to be more specific they are considered public trustee's. But they don't like to be referred as such. So if you ever refer to them as one, expect to get taken out out of court by the sheriff real quick.
A quick seizure of power is called a coup d'etat.
A Grand Mal seizure.
Communists believe in the seizure of political power by force.
The government usually steps in to acquire a person's assets in the event of a crime. This is referred to as an asset seizure. Government officials will literally confiscate the belongings of the criminal.
A sudden seizure of political power is called a coup d'etat.
something that is quick
In American football, the quick guard is one of the offensive linemen. On some plays the guard will leave his usual position in the line to block for a running play ahead of the ball carrier. The guard who does this is referred to as the quick guard. If the term quick guard is used, the other guard is usually referred to as the Strong guard.
The sound of quick light taps or footsteps is often referred to as pitter-patter.
The Balkan Peninsula.The Balkans were referred to as the Power Keg of Europe.
It was a coup de etat.
A military takeover is commonly referred to as a "coup d'état," often shortened to "coup." This event typically involves the sudden and illegal seizure of power from a government, usually executed by the armed forces. Coups can lead to significant political instability and changes in governance.
You could use lots of words. Overthrow, revolution, coup, dethroned and so on.