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The Enlightenment fundamentally transformed European governments by promoting ideas of individual rights, liberty, and reason. Philosophers like john Locke and Montesquieu advocated for the separation of powers and the social contract, which challenged absolute monarchy and inspired democratic principles. These ideas led to significant political changes, including the American and French Revolutions, which sought to implement more representative forms of government. Ultimately, the Enlightenment laid the intellectual foundation for modern democracy and the development of constitutional governments across Europe.

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