In 2010, the Associate Justices received annual salaries of $213,900, and the Chief Justice of the United States received an annual salary of $223,500.
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As of 2010 (current in 2011), the Associate Justices receive annual salaries of $213,900, and the Chief Justice of the United States receives an annual salary of $223,500.
The Judicial Branch consists of the Article III courts and their judges or justices:US District CourtsUS Court of International TradeUS Court of Appeals Circuit CourtsSupreme Court of the United StatesThe Supreme Court is head of the Judicial Branch, but does not make up the entire branch, as some people believe.
Justices review the Constitution and use their own personal frames of reference to determine what the Constitution says about something. Because so much is open for interpretation, the justices often disagree on what is meant, and so unanimous decisions are rare.
The US Constitution, ratified by the states on June 21, 1788, became operational on March 4, 1789. Article III of the Constitution required the new government to establish a Supreme Court and whatever lower federal courts it felt were needed to handle "cases and controversies" involving federal laws, treaties, and constitutional issues. The Constitution designated the Supreme Court as the highest court of the federal court system, but apart from listing the classes of cases the Court could hear under original (trial) jurisdiction and appellate (appeals) jurisdiction, the document was silent on the specific tasks the court would perform. Much of this was established by Congress and by the Supreme Court justices over time. The First Congress of the US created the Supreme Court and a small federal court system (the Judicial Branch) when they passed the Judiciary Act of 1789 on September 24, 1789. President Washington nominated six justices -- one Chief Justice, and five Associate Justices -- the same day. The Senate approved Washington's choices by voice vote (no recorded count) two days later, on September 26, 1789. The Court met for the first time on February 2, 1790.
The consequences of attempting to increase the size of the supreme court was that the government would have to much power in the congress.