The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (or Speaker of the House) is the presiding officer of the chamber. As of 2012, the Speaker of the House is Republican John Boehner of Ohio.
In the absence of the U. S. Vice President, who is also the President of the Senate, the President pro tempore of the Senate presides over the Senate. According to tradition that started over 60 years ago, that person is the most senior Senator of the majority party of the Senate.
It's run by rotating senators from the majority party.
The President ProTem.
The President pro tempore (Latin for "president for a time") typically presides in the Vice President's absence. The most senior senator of the majority party is customarily chosen to serve in this position. Like the Vice President, the President pro tempore does not normally preside over the Senate, but typically delegates the responsibility of presiding to junior senators of the majority party.
The President of the Senate is actually the Vice President of the United States. The President Pro Tempore of Senate is the presiding officer (in the absence of the VP), which puts him or her third in the line of succession (behind the speaker of the house). The real power in the Senate, however, lies with the Senate Majority Leader and the Senate Minority Leader. The leaders for the US Senate are the minority and majority leaders. Out of these the majority leader is considered greater. A complex answer is required for this basic question. The President of the Senate is the Vice President of the US, who rarely presides and very rarely is even present except in a ceremonial role or when a tie vote is anticipated. The majority party really runs the Senate and it select a President pro tempore and a Majority Leader. Again, the President pro tempore rarely leads the Senate and is more of an elder statesman. The Majority Leader runs the working of the Senate and most of his or her work is done behind the scenes. The Majority Leader also rarely takes the seat at the front of the Senate floor, gavel in hand and managing the debate. That task is assigned to a Presiding Officer, usually a new or very junior Senator in an effort to let them learn the routine. This Senator makes very few decisions and the Parliamentarian is on hand to advise him or her. So the Senate Leader can be any of the above, but the real power is in the hands of the Majority Leader.
the president It is the president, the cabinet, and departments under the cabinet members.
If a sitting US Senator runs for president (as is the case today with both Republican and Democratic candidates, John McCain and Barack Obama), there is no formal surrogate for him in the Senate. In the past, some Senators have resigned, as Bob Dole did to run in 1996. However, if the Senator does not resign his seat, he must maintain his Senate responsibilities in addition to running for President. Often this means he is absent for votes and for debate. However, as the election nears, Congress takes a greater number of recesses since presumably most members must run for reelection anyway. For a Senator running for President, it is incumbent upon his congressional staff to keep the day to day operations of his office going and to keep him apprised of necessary duties in the house. Other than that, there is no transfer of Senatorial responsibility to anyone else.
The whips.
Typically, the Senate Majority Leader is responsible for overseeing the daily operations and activities in the Senate. This individual sets the legislative agenda, schedules bills for debate, and manages the flow of business on the Senate floor.
I assume you mean the US Senate. The constitution specifies that the Vice President (currently Joe Biden) is the President of the Senate. However, the Vice President plays little role in the Senate these days. Most of the power is shared between the Senate Party leaders, currently Harry Reid (Majority Leader) and Mitch McConnell (Minority Leader).
The person who runs Austria is the president Heinz Fischer
No. If the President runs for a second term of office, he may name a different person as running mate provided the nomination convention approves, but he can not fire an elected vice president. A Vice-President can only be removed from office involuntarily by impeachment in the House of Representatives and conviction by the US Senate.
fugitive
The Vice President runs with the President as a team. If the original Vice President dies or cannot serve after taking office, the President nominates a new VP, but the Senate has to confirm.
VICE PRESIDENT.
Under current Senate rules, the Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court presides over any impeachment trials.
No, not at the same time. A US Supreme Court justice can serve in the Senate if he (or she) resigns from the Supreme Court, runs for office, and is elected. A US Senator can become a justice on the US Supreme Court if he (or she) resigns from the Senate (or has already resigned or been voted out of office) and is subsequently appointed by the President and approved by the Senate.
The President pro tempore (Latin for "president for a time") typically presides in the Vice President's absence. The most senior senator of the majority party is customarily chosen to serve in this position. Like the Vice President, the President pro tempore does not normally preside over the Senate, but typically delegates the responsibility of presiding to junior senators of the majority party.
Fugitive from justice.
Now the president is Traian Băsescu.