The Roman Republic fell under the weight of imperial expansion. The central government had become dysfunctional, and lost control over the provinces (conquered territories). The governors of the provinces became unruly and treated their provinces as if they were their personal fiefs. Tax collection in the provinces was carried out by private collectors who 'farmed' the taxes to line their pockets through extortion, which created discontent in the provinces, Corruption was rampant. A reform of military recruitment made the soldiers loyal to the commanders of their legions who could use them to obtain what they wanted through the threat of or the use of military violence. In 71 BC Crassus and Pompey camped their troops outside Rome to have themselves elected as consuls (the two annually elected heads of the Republic). Pompey was not even eligible on the grounds of being below the required age and of not having served some public offices which were required before the consulship. In the last 64 years of the Republic there were 12 civil wars. In 88 BC Sulla entered the city of Rome with his troops during his first civil war against forces of Marius, even though Roman religion forbade the bearing of arms within the city walls.
Another problem in the Late Republic was the increase in the number of dispossessed peasants who lost their land to the expanding large landed estates which used slaves, who were war captives. These people flocked to Rome to try to eke out a living, swelling the masses of the poor in the city. The problem of poverty became a political hot potato which led to the conflict between the populares and the optimates. The former was a political faction which championed the cause of the poor and tried to introduce reforms to help them. The latter was a conservative political faction which favoured the aristocracy and opposed reforms. The senators were seen as being concerned with the interests of the aristocracy, rather than those of the poor and were unpopular among the middle and lower classes. They were also seen as being corrupt. Many of the civil wars were related to clashes between strong military leaders and the conflict between populares and optimates spilling into violence.
Julius Caesar waged a civil war against the forces of the senate and assumed sole power in Rome (the Republic was normally headed by two annually elected consuls) for five years and tried to tackle Rome's problems. However, he was assassinated. More civil wars followed his death. Augustus won the final civil war of the Republic, which was a fight with Marc Antony over who would become the sole ruler of Rome and her territories. He gained control over the army and amassed great wealth through the spoil of war. He used both to establish his own absolute rule and became the first Roman emperor. His tight control over the state restored a strong central government and political stability. Rule by emperors continued for 503 years
You could say the
Gracchi brothers:
Tiberius Gracchi wanted land reform to redistribute state land illegally owned by the rich to the poor
Gaius Gracchi wanted to give power to the Equestrian Class (like modern day Business men) by giving them tax collection and jury rights
Both of them were executed and although their intents were good, they intensified the division between class and politics and set up an environment where Roman killed Roman.
Marius:
Marius created an army where the recruits included the poor and landless who served a 20 year term as a soldier (16 years ranks, 4 years veteran). After they served the term they were rewarded with money, land, and were able to marry. This produced personal loyalty to the generals commanding. The Senate was losing loyalty from the army. A successful general who could provide the rewards the army was looking for could overcome the Senate. The army started to have more influence in politics.
First Triumvirate (Crassus, Pompey, Julius Caesar):
Pompey was well known after defeating the pirates and King Mithridates in Pontus.
Crassus was a successful business man who suppressed the slave revolt led by Spartacus. Crassus and Pompey used the growing influence of the army to get elected to Consul. Later, Crassus introduced Caesar to the group to form the first Triumvirate. Crassus was killed in battle with the Parthians leaving Pompey and Caesar to fight for the top. Pompey ordered Caesar to disband his army, but Caesar instead illegally crossed the Rubicon and scared Pompey. Pompey flees first to Greece, then Egypt where he is decapitated. Caesar appoints himself dictator for 10 years in 46 BC, then dictator for life in 45 BC. This shows that although he was working for the people, he also wanted absolute control of Rome. In 44 BC Caesar is stabbed by a group of Senates.
You could also talk about the second Triumvirate (Marc Antony, Lepidus, Octavian)
they spend too many mony in the artitecture they diden`t have enogh money
they elevate taxes sow they campesin were unhapy and have to move to the city to try to work
they get to many territor sow they dident have enogh enperor for all the Roma
then the poor people get poorest and the rich people get riches
The Roman Republic fell under the weight of imperial expansion. The central government had become dysfunctional, and lost control over the provinces (conquered territories). The governors of the provinces became unruly and treated their provinces as if they were their personal fiefs. Tax collection in the provinces was carried out by private collectors who 'farmed' the taxes to line their pockets through extortion, which created discontent in the provinces, Corruption was rampant. A reform of military recruitment made the soldiers loyal to the commanders of their legions who could use them to obtain what they wanted through the threat of or the use of military violence. In 71 BC Crassus and Pompey camped their troops outside Rome to have themselves elected as consuls (the two annually elected heads of the Republic). Pompey was not even eligible on the grounds of being below the required age and of not having served some public offices which were required before the consulship. In the last 64 years of the Republic there were 12 civil wars. In 88 BC Sulla entered the city of Rome with his troops during his first civil war against forces of Marius, even though Roman religion forbade the bearing of arms within the city walls.
Another problem in the Late Republic was the increase in the number of dispossessed peasants who lost their land to the expanding large landed estates which used slaves, who were war captives. These people flocked to Rome to try to eke out a living, swelling the masses of the poor in the city. The problem of poverty became a political hot potato which led to the conflict between the populares and the optimates. The former was a political faction which championed the cause of the poor and tried to introduce reforms to help them. The latter was a conservative political faction which favoured the aristocracy and opposed reforms. The senators were seen as being concerned with the interests of the aristocracy, rather than those of the poor and were unpopular among the middle and lower classes. They were also seen as being corrupt. Many of the civil wars were related to clashes between strong military leaders and the conflict between populares and optimates spilling into violence.
Julius Caesar waged a civil war against the forces of the senate and assumed sole power in Rome (the Republic was normally headed by two annually elected consuls) for five years and tried to tackle Rome's problems. However, he was assassinated. More civil wars followed his death. Augustus won the final civil war of the Republic, which was a fight with Marc Antony over who would become the sole ruler of Rome and her territories. He gained control over the army and amassed great wealth through the spoil of war. He used both to establish his own absolute rule and became the first Roman emperor. His tight control over the state restored a strong central government and political stability. Rule by emperors continued for 503 years
Several factors led to the decline of the republic, corruption being top most. Political office was given to the man who had the best "connections". There was also the split in the senate between the conservatives and the populists, with neither side willing to compromise and the leaders of the factions were able in most cases to appoint their backers to important positions. Caesar, Octavian and Mark Antony used this tactic, ignoring the concept of free voting by the people.
I can give you several sentences.We live in a republic."I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the republic for which it stands."The republic gained its independence four years ago.
There have never any governments in which only one person can serve. One person cannot possibly run a whole government by him/herself. During the 244-year period of the Roman monarchy the government was headed by a king who had government officials who served as his subordinates. During the 482-year period of the Roman republic the consuls were the two annually elected heads of the republic and there were four other types of elected officers of state, who also served in the government (the censors, the praetors, the aediles and the quaestors). During the 503-year period of rule by emperors the emperors were absolute rulers and appointed the officials who served in their governemnts
four
# Private ownership # individual initiative, # profit # competition
The four allied powers before the United States joined the war included the Russian Empire and French Republic. The allied powers also included Italy and the British Empire.
The Roman numeral for four is IV.
The were were more than four European countries which were never part of the Roman Empire. They were: Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Ireland and Iceland. Most of the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Moldova were not part of the Roman Empire, which only included slithers of these areas. Most of Germany was not part of the Roman Empire, which covered only the south. Hungary east of the River Danube was not part of the Roman Empire either.
A Quaestor was a Roman treasury official. There were four of them in the Republic and their duties were to audit and control the finances in the city and the provinces. If a man were elected to the office of quaestor, he automatically became a senator.
4 factors of 3
Four factors.
15 has four factors.
The four types of European government are: republic, federal republic, socialist republic, and constitutional monarchy. However, not many countries are still considered to be socialist republics.
Jones is the current Mancunian republic number four.
The architect of the Roman Republic was Lucius Junius Brutus. He was the main leader of the rebellion which led to the overthrow of the last king of Rome, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, who was a tyrant. He was also the one who got the Romans to swear that they would not allow anyone to try to become a king and who thought out the creation of two annually elected consuls as heads of the Republic. However, the was not the sole father. Four men were the leaders of the rebellion. Publius Valerius Publicula also played an important role in the creation of the institutions of the Republic.
35 has four factors: 1, 5, 7, 35.
14
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats