Federalism is a political system in which power is divided between a central government and multiple regional governments, allowing each to exercise authority over its own jurisdiction. This structure enables different levels of government to coexist, often with specific responsibilities and powers defined by a constitution. Federalism aims to balance the need for unity in governance with the desire for local autonomy, promoting diversity and regional representation within a larger national framework. Examples of federal systems include the United States, Canada, and Germany.