If more justices agree with a concurring opinion than with the opinion of the Court, the decision is called a plurality.
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A majority opinion explains the reasoning behind the courts ruling while a dissenting opinion explains a disagreement with the courts ruling
If the justices who voted against the majority wish to issue a unified dissenting opinion, they decide amongst themselves who will author the opinion, then the others, if in agreement, will "join" the opinion. Individual justices may write their own (concurring or dissenting) opinions, regardless of whether they agree with the majority. Justices may also "join" or sign any other written opinion they agree with. This generally strengthens the opinion.
A majority vote by the House of Representatives is needed to impeach an official. The person is impeached and must then stand trial with the Senate.
The top official for each of the two major parties are called majority leader and minority leader. Which ever party has the most members in the house calls their top official the majority leader and the other party leader is then called the minority leader.
The Republican opposition in Congress is currently the majority. The official opposition holds over 225 seats, as opposed to the Senate in which case the Democrats hold the majority of the 100 Senate seats.