The 7th amendment gives a citizen the right to a jury trial in certain civil cases, and prevents courts from overturning a jury's findings of fact. It also guarantees a minimum of 6 members for a jury in a civil trial.
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The fourteenth amendment (ratified 7/9/1868) --Guarantees rights of citizenship to all persons born in the United States.
Amendment 5 (rights of accused persons), amendment 6 (right to a speedy, public trial), amendment 7 (trial by jury in civil cases), and amendment 8 (limits fines and punishments). Source: Bill of Rights and Amendments 1-10 Amendment 14 Source: Bill of Rights and Amendments 11-27
The first ten amendments (the Bill of Rights) protect the individual rights and freedoms of US citizens, by prohibiting the federal government from enacting laws that abridge these rights. (see related question)
"No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law."
An amendment has to be proposed by the national government and the state governments before the Constitution gets amended. First, the amendment has to be approved by the national level, usually Congress. Then it must be proposed to the states where they can chose to ratify it or reject it.