Washington D.C.
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Abraham Lincoln.
There was no capital of the colonies. The American capital came about AFTER the war when the United States was established and the Constitution signed in 1789. Until that time each state had its own main city.
At the start of the Civil War, the Union, which was made up of the Northern states, had a population of 22 million free people. The population of the South at the start of the war was 9 million.
The first capital was Montgomery, Alabama. The second was Richmond, Virginia.
The Civil War