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When a presidential appointment does not get approved by the Senate due to ideological reasons it is referred to as?
The term "Borked" was coined after Justice Robert Bork, having been nominated by President Reagan, was not approved by the Senate. Bork was involved in controversy regarding the Watergate scandal and had many of his views on minorities and affirmative action called into question.
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What was the meaning of Tippicanoe and Tyler too?
Tippecanoe was the nickname of William Henry Harrison. He received the nickname after a battle against native Americans near the Tippecanoe River when he was Governor of the Indiana Territory. His running mate in the 1840 presidential election was John Tyler.
What are the four special powers of the senate?
1. senate must approve all treaties and presidential appointment 2. the senate conducts the impeachment trial- commonly referred to as impeachment and removal. The senate has the power to determine if the person is guilty 3. if there is no winner in the electoral college, the senate picks the vice president.
Who won the SC governor election of 1876?
Republican Party candidate Rutherford Hayes won the 1876 presidential election defeating Democratic Party candidate Samuel Tilden.
American secretary of state LIST?
Secretaries of State, 1789-2005Creation of this Position Name: Thomas JeffersonState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Sep 26, 1789Entry on Duty: Mar 22, 1790Termination of Appointment: Dec 31, 1793Name: Edmund RandolphState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 2, 1794Entry on Duty: Jan 2, 1794Termination of Appointment: Aug 20, 1795Name: Timothy PickeringState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Dec 10, 1795Entry on Duty: Dec 10, 1795Termination of Appointment: May 12, 1800Name: John MarshallState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 13, 1800Entry on Duty: Jun 6, 1800Termination of Appointment: Feb 4, 1801Name: James MadisonState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1801Entry on Duty: May 2, 1801Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1809Name: Robert SmithState of Residency: MarylandNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1809Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1809Termination of Appointment: Apr 1, 1811Name: James MonroeState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Apr 2, 1811Entry on Duty: Apr 6, 1811Termination of Appointment: Sep 30, 1814Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Nov 26, 1811.Name: James MonroeState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Feb 28, 1815Entry on Duty: Feb 28, 1815Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1817Name: John Quincy AdamsState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1817Entry on Duty: Sep 22, 1817Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1825Name: Henry ClayState of Residency: KentuckyNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 7, 1825Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1825Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1829Name: Martin Van BurenState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1829Entry on Duty: Mar 28, 1829Termination of Appointment: Mar 23, 1831Name: Edward LivingstonState of Residency: LouisianaNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 24, 1831Entry on Duty: May 24, 1831Termination of Appointment: May 29, 1833Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Jan 12, 1832.Name: Louis McLaneState of Residency: DelawareNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 29, 1833Entry on Duty: May 29, 1833Termination of Appointment: Jun 30, 1834Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate.Name: John ForsythState of Residency: GeorgiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 27, 1834Entry on Duty: Jul 1, 1834Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1841Name: Daniel WebsterState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1841Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1841Termination of Appointment: May 8, 1843Name: Abel P. UpshurState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 24, 1843Entry on Duty: Jul 24, 1843Termination of Appointment: Feb 28, 1844Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Jan 2, 1844.Name: John C. CalhounState of Residency: South CarolinaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1844Entry on Duty: Apr 1, 1844Termination of Appointment: Mar 10, 1845Name: James BuchananState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1845Entry on Duty: Mar 10, 1845Termination of Appointment: Mar 7, 1849Name: John M. ClaytonState of Residency: DelawareNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 7, 1849Entry on Duty: Mar 8, 1849Termination of Appointment: Jul 22, 1850Name: Daniel WebsterState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 22, 1850Entry on Duty: Jul 23, 1850Termination of Appointment: Oct 24, 1852Name: Edward EverettState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Nov 6, 1852Entry on Duty: Nov 6, 1852Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1853Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Dec 9, 1852.Name: William L. MarcyState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 7, 1853Entry on Duty: Mar 8, 1853Termination of Appointment: Mar 6, 1857Name: Lewis CassState of Residency: MichiganNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1857Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1857Termination of Appointment: Dec 14, 1860Name: Jeremiah S. BlackState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Dec 17, 1860Entry on Duty: Dec 17, 1860Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1861Name: William H. SewardState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1861Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1861Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1869Name: Elihu B. WashburneState of Residency: IllinoisNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1869Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1869Termination of Appointment: Mar 16, 1869Name: Hamilton FishState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 11, 1869 /7/Entry on Duty: Mar 17, 1869Termination of Appointment: Mar 12, 1877Name: William M. EvartsState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 12, 1877Entry on Duty: Mar 12, 1877Termination of Appointment: Mar 7, 1881Name: James G. BlaineState of Residency: MaineNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1881Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1881Termination of Appointment: Dec 19, 1881Name: Frederick T. FrelinghuysenState of Residency: New JerseyNon-career appointeeAppointment: Feb 12, 1881Entry on Duty: Dec 19, 1881Termination of Appointment: Mar 6, 1885Name: Thomas F. BayardState of Residency: DelawareNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1885Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1885Termination of Appointment: Mar 6, 1889Name: James G. BlaineState of Residency: MaineNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1889Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1889Termination of Appointment: Jun 4, 1892Name: John W. FosterState of Residency: IndianaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 29, 1892Entry on Duty: Jun 29, 1892Termination of Appointment: Feb 23, 1893Name: Walter Q. GreshamState of Residency: IllinoisNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1893Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1893Termination of Appointment: May 28, 1895Name: Richard OlneyState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 8, 1895Entry on Duty: Jun 10, 1895Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1897Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Dec 3, 1895.Name: John ShermanState of Residency: OhioNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1897Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1897Termination of Appointment: Apr 27, 1898Name: William R. DayState of Residency: OhioNon-career appointeeAppointment: Apr 26, 1898Entry on Duty: Apr 28, 1898Termination of Appointment: Sep 16, 1898Name: John HayState of Residency: District of ColumbiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Sep 20, 1898Entry on Duty: Sep 30, 1898Termination of Appointment: Jul 1, 1905Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned afterconfirmation on Dec 7, 1898. Reappointed Mar 5, 1901.Name: Elihu RootState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 7, 1905Entry on Duty: Jul 19, 1905Termination of Appointment: Jan 27, 1909Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned afterconfirmation on Dec 6, 1905.Name: Robert BaconState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 27, 1909Entry on Duty: Jan 27, 1909Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1909Name: Philander C. KnoxState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1909Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1909Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1913Name: William Jennings BryanState of Residency: NebraskaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1913Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1913Termination of Appointment: Jun 9, 1915Name: Robert LansingState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 23, 1915Entry on Duty: Jun 24, 1915Termination of Appointment: Feb 13, 1920Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Dec 13, 1915.Name: Bainbridge ColbyState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 22, 1920Entry on Duty: Mar 23, 1920Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1921Name: Charles Evans HughesState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 4, 1921Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1921Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1925Name: Frank B. KelloggState of Residency: MinnesotaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Feb 16, 1925Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1925Termination of Appointment: Mar 28, 1929Name: Henry Lewis StimsonState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1929Entry on Duty: Mar 28, 1929Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1933Name: Cordell HullState of Residency: TennesseeNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 4, 1933Entry on Duty: Mar 4, 1933Termination of Appointment: Nov 30, 1944Name: Edward R. Stettinius, Jr.State of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Nov 30, 1944Entry on Duty: Dec 1, 1944Termination of Appointment: Jun 27, 1945Name: James F. ByrnesState of Residency: South CarolinaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 2, 1945Entry on Duty: Jul 3, 1945Termination of Appointment: Jan 21, 1947Name: George C. MarshallState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 8, 1947Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1947Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1949Name: Dean G. AchesonState of Residency: MarylandNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 19, 1949Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1949Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1953Name: John Foster DullesState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1953Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1953Termination of Appointment: Apr 22, 1959Name: Christian A. HerterState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Apr 21, 1959Entry on Duty: Apr 22, 1959Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1961Name: Dean RuskState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1961Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1961Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1969Name: William P. RogersState of Residency: MarylandNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1969Entry on Duty: Jan 22, 1969Termination of Appointment: Sep 3, 1973Name: Henry A. KissingerState of Residency: District of ColumbiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Sep 21, 1973Entry on Duty: Sep 22, 1973Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1977Note: Served concurrently as Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs until Nov 3, 1975.Name: Cyrus VanceState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1977Entry on Duty: Jan 23, 1977Termination of Appointment: Apr 28, 1980Name: Edmund Sixtus MuskieState of Residency: MaineNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 8, 1980Entry on Duty: May 8, 1980Termination of Appointment: Jan 18, 1981Name: Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr.State of Residency: ConnecticutNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 22, 1981Entry on Duty: Jan 22, 1981Termination of Appointment: Jul 5, 1982Name: George P. ShultzState of Residency: CaliforniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 16, 1982Entry on Duty: Jul 16, 1982Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1989Name: James Addison Baker, IIIState of Residency: TexasNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 25, 1989Entry on Duty: Jan 25, 1989Termination of Appointment: Aug 23, 1992Name: Lawrence S. EagleburgerState of Residency: FloridaForeign Service officerAppointment: Dec 8, 1992Entry on Duty: Dec 8, 1992Termination of Appointment: Jan 19, 1993Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate. Served as Acting Secretary of State, Aug 23-Dec 8, 1992.Name: Warren M. ChristopherState of Residency: CaliforniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 20, 1993Entry on Duty: Jan 20, 1993Termination of Appointment: January 17, 1997Name: Madeleine Korbel AlbrightState of Residency: District of ColumbiaNon-career appointmentAppointment: January 17, 1997Entry on Duty: January 23, 1997Termination of Appointment: January 19, 2001 Name: Colin L. PowellState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointmentAppointment: January 20, 2001Entry on Duty: January 20, 2001Termination of Appointment: January 25, 2005 Name: Condoleezza RiceState of Residency: CaliforniaNon-career appointmentAppointment: January 25, 2005Entry on Duty: January 26, 2005Termination of Appointment: ---- Creation of Position: Congress created the position of Secretary of State on Jul 27, 1789 (1 Stat. 28), as the principal officer of the Department of Foreign Affairs (later renamed Department of State). The Secretary was to perform such duties as the President required, in accordance with the Constitution, relating to correspondence, commission, or instructions to U.S. ministers or consuls abroad, and to conduct negotiations with foreign representatives. The Secretary has also served as principal adviser to the President in the determination and execution of U.S. foreign policy and in recent decades has become responsible for overall direction, coordination, and supervision of interdepartmental activities of the U.S. Government overseas, except for certain military activities. The Act of Congress of Sep 5, 1789, that changed the name of the Department of Foreign Affairs assigned various domestic duties to the Department of State. Nearly all were later reassigned to other agencies. This list does not include individuals designated to act as Secretaries of State when the Secretaryship was vacant. These individuals are usually referred to collectively as Secretaries of State ad interim.Secretaries of State, 1789-2005Creation of this Position Name: Thomas JeffersonState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Sep 26, 1789Entry on Duty: Mar 22, 1790Termination of Appointment: Dec 31, 1793Name: Edmund RandolphState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 2, 1794Entry on Duty: Jan 2, 1794Termination of Appointment: Aug 20, 1795Name: Timothy PickeringState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Dec 10, 1795Entry on Duty: Dec 10, 1795Termination of Appointment: May 12, 1800Name: John MarshallState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 13, 1800Entry on Duty: Jun 6, 1800Termination of Appointment: Feb 4, 1801Name: James MadisonState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1801Entry on Duty: May 2, 1801Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1809Name: Robert SmithState of Residency: MarylandNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1809Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1809Termination of Appointment: Apr 1, 1811Name: James MonroeState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Apr 2, 1811Entry on Duty: Apr 6, 1811Termination of Appointment: Sep 30, 1814Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Nov 26, 1811.Name: James MonroeState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Feb 28, 1815Entry on Duty: Feb 28, 1815Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1817Name: John Quincy AdamsState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1817Entry on Duty: Sep 22, 1817Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1825Name: Henry ClayState of Residency: KentuckyNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 7, 1825Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1825Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1829Name: Martin Van BurenState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1829Entry on Duty: Mar 28, 1829Termination of Appointment: Mar 23, 1831Name: Edward LivingstonState of Residency: LouisianaNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 24, 1831Entry on Duty: May 24, 1831Termination of Appointment: May 29, 1833Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Jan 12, 1832.Name: Louis McLaneState of Residency: DelawareNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 29, 1833Entry on Duty: May 29, 1833Termination of Appointment: Jun 30, 1834Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate.Name: John ForsythState of Residency: GeorgiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 27, 1834Entry on Duty: Jul 1, 1834Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1841Name: Daniel WebsterState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1841Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1841Termination of Appointment: May 8, 1843Name: Abel P. UpshurState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 24, 1843Entry on Duty: Jul 24, 1843Termination of Appointment: Feb 28, 1844Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Jan 2, 1844.Name: John C. CalhounState of Residency: South CarolinaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1844Entry on Duty: Apr 1, 1844Termination of Appointment: Mar 10, 1845Name: James BuchananState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1845Entry on Duty: Mar 10, 1845Termination of Appointment: Mar 7, 1849Name: John M. ClaytonState of Residency: DelawareNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 7, 1849Entry on Duty: Mar 8, 1849Termination of Appointment: Jul 22, 1850Name: Daniel WebsterState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 22, 1850Entry on Duty: Jul 23, 1850Termination of Appointment: Oct 24, 1852Name: Edward EverettState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Nov 6, 1852Entry on Duty: Nov 6, 1852Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1853Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Dec 9, 1852.Name: William L. MarcyState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 7, 1853Entry on Duty: Mar 8, 1853Termination of Appointment: Mar 6, 1857Name: Lewis CassState of Residency: MichiganNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1857Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1857Termination of Appointment: Dec 14, 1860Name: Jeremiah S. BlackState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Dec 17, 1860Entry on Duty: Dec 17, 1860Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1861Name: William H. SewardState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1861Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1861Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1869Name: Elihu B. WashburneState of Residency: IllinoisNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1869Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1869Termination of Appointment: Mar 16, 1869Name: Hamilton FishState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 11, 1869 /7/Entry on Duty: Mar 17, 1869Termination of Appointment: Mar 12, 1877Name: William M. EvartsState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 12, 1877Entry on Duty: Mar 12, 1877Termination of Appointment: Mar 7, 1881Name: James G. BlaineState of Residency: MaineNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1881Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1881Termination of Appointment: Dec 19, 1881Name: Frederick T. FrelinghuysenState of Residency: New JerseyNon-career appointeeAppointment: Feb 12, 1881Entry on Duty: Dec 19, 1881Termination of Appointment: Mar 6, 1885Name: Thomas F. BayardState of Residency: DelawareNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1885Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1885Termination of Appointment: Mar 6, 1889Name: James G. BlaineState of Residency: MaineNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1889Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1889Termination of Appointment: Jun 4, 1892Name: John W. FosterState of Residency: IndianaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 29, 1892Entry on Duty: Jun 29, 1892Termination of Appointment: Feb 23, 1893Name: Walter Q. GreshamState of Residency: IllinoisNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1893Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1893Termination of Appointment: May 28, 1895Name: Richard OlneyState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 8, 1895Entry on Duty: Jun 10, 1895Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1897Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Dec 3, 1895.Name: John ShermanState of Residency: OhioNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1897Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1897Termination of Appointment: Apr 27, 1898Name: William R. DayState of Residency: OhioNon-career appointeeAppointment: Apr 26, 1898Entry on Duty: Apr 28, 1898Termination of Appointment: Sep 16, 1898Name: John HayState of Residency: District of ColumbiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Sep 20, 1898Entry on Duty: Sep 30, 1898Termination of Appointment: Jul 1, 1905Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned afterconfirmation on Dec 7, 1898. Reappointed Mar 5, 1901.Name: Elihu RootState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 7, 1905Entry on Duty: Jul 19, 1905Termination of Appointment: Jan 27, 1909Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned afterconfirmation on Dec 6, 1905.Name: Robert BaconState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 27, 1909Entry on Duty: Jan 27, 1909Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1909Name: Philander C. KnoxState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1909Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1909Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1913Name: William Jennings BryanState of Residency: NebraskaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1913Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1913Termination of Appointment: Jun 9, 1915Name: Robert LansingState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 23, 1915Entry on Duty: Jun 24, 1915Termination of Appointment: Feb 13, 1920Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Dec 13, 1915.Name: Bainbridge ColbyState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 22, 1920Entry on Duty: Mar 23, 1920Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1921Name: Charles Evans HughesState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 4, 1921Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1921Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1925Name: Frank B. KelloggState of Residency: MinnesotaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Feb 16, 1925Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1925Termination of Appointment: Mar 28, 1929Name: Henry Lewis StimsonState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1929Entry on Duty: Mar 28, 1929Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1933Name: Cordell HullState of Residency: TennesseeNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 4, 1933Entry on Duty: Mar 4, 1933Termination of Appointment: Nov 30, 1944Name: Edward R. Stettinius, Jr.State of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Nov 30, 1944Entry on Duty: Dec 1, 1944Termination of Appointment: Jun 27, 1945Name: James F. ByrnesState of Residency: South CarolinaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 2, 1945Entry on Duty: Jul 3, 1945Termination of Appointment: Jan 21, 1947Name: George C. MarshallState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 8, 1947Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1947Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1949Name: Dean G. AchesonState of Residency: MarylandNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 19, 1949Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1949Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1953Name: John Foster DullesState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1953Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1953Termination of Appointment: Apr 22, 1959Name: Christian A. HerterState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Apr 21, 1959Entry on Duty: Apr 22, 1959Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1961Name: Dean RuskState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1961Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1961Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1969Name: William P. RogersState of Residency: MarylandNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1969Entry on Duty: Jan 22, 1969Termination of Appointment: Sep 3, 1973Name: Henry A. KissingerState of Residency: District of ColumbiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Sep 21, 1973Entry on Duty: Sep 22, 1973Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1977Note: Served concurrently as Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs until Nov 3, 1975.Name: Cyrus VanceState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1977Entry on Duty: Jan 23, 1977Termination of Appointment: Apr 28, 1980Name: Edmund Sixtus MuskieState of Residency: MaineNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 8, 1980Entry on Duty: May 8, 1980Termination of Appointment: Jan 18, 1981Name: Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr.State of Residency: ConnecticutNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 22, 1981Entry on Duty: Jan 22, 1981Termination of Appointment: Jul 5, 1982Name: George P. ShultzState of Residency: CaliforniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 16, 1982Entry on Duty: Jul 16, 1982Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1989Name: James Addison Baker, IIIState of Residency: TexasNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 25, 1989Entry on Duty: Jan 25, 1989Termination of Appointment: Aug 23, 1992Name: Lawrence S. EagleburgerState of Residency: FloridaForeign Service officerAppointment: Dec 8, 1992Entry on Duty: Dec 8, 1992Termination of Appointment: Jan 19, 1993Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate. Served as Acting Secretary of State, Aug 23-Dec 8, 1992.Name: Warren M. ChristopherState of Residency: CaliforniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 20, 1993Entry on Duty: Jan 20, 1993Termination of Appointment: January 17, 1997Name: Madeleine Korbel AlbrightState of Residency: District of ColumbiaNon-career appointmentAppointment: January 17, 1997Entry on Duty: January 23, 1997Termination of Appointment: January 19, 2001 Name: Colin L. PowellState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointmentAppointment: January 20, 2001Entry on Duty: January 20, 2001Termination of Appointment: January 25, 2005 Name: Condoleezza RiceState of Residency: CaliforniaNon-career appointmentAppointment: January 25, 2005Entry on Duty: January 26, 2005Termination of Appointment: ---- Creation of Position: Congress created the position of Secretary of State on Jul 27, 1789 (1 Stat. 28), as the principal officer of the Department of Foreign Affairs (later renamed Department of State). The Secretary was to perform such duties as the President required, in accordance with the Constitution, relating to correspondence, commission, or instructions to U.S. ministers or consuls abroad, and to conduct negotiations with foreign representatives. The Secretary has also served as principal adviser to the President in the determination and execution of U.S. foreign policy and in recent decades has become responsible for overall direction, coordination, and supervision of interdepartmental activities of the U.S. Government overseas, except for certain military activities. The Act of Congress of Sep 5, 1789, that changed the name of the Department of Foreign Affairs assigned various domestic duties to the Department of State. Nearly all were later reassigned to other agencies. This list does not include individuals designated to act as Secretaries of State when the Secretaryship was vacant. These individuals are usually referred to collectively as Secretaries of State ad interim.Secretaries of State, 1789-2005Creation of this Position Name: Thomas JeffersonState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Sep 26, 1789Entry on Duty: Mar 22, 1790Termination of Appointment: Dec 31, 1793Name: Edmund RandolphState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 2, 1794Entry on Duty: Jan 2, 1794Termination of Appointment: Aug 20, 1795Name: Timothy PickeringState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Dec 10, 1795Entry on Duty: Dec 10, 1795Termination of Appointment: May 12, 1800Name: John MarshallState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 13, 1800Entry on Duty: Jun 6, 1800Termination of Appointment: Feb 4, 1801Name: James MadisonState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1801Entry on Duty: May 2, 1801Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1809Name: Robert SmithState of Residency: MarylandNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1809Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1809Termination of Appointment: Apr 1, 1811Name: James MonroeState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Apr 2, 1811Entry on Duty: Apr 6, 1811Termination of Appointment: Sep 30, 1814Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Nov 26, 1811.Name: James MonroeState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Feb 28, 1815Entry on Duty: Feb 28, 1815Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1817Name: John Quincy AdamsState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1817Entry on Duty: Sep 22, 1817Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1825Name: Henry ClayState of Residency: KentuckyNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 7, 1825Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1825Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1829Name: Martin Van BurenState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1829Entry on Duty: Mar 28, 1829Termination of Appointment: Mar 23, 1831Name: Edward LivingstonState of Residency: LouisianaNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 24, 1831Entry on Duty: May 24, 1831Termination of Appointment: May 29, 1833Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Jan 12, 1832.Name: Louis McLaneState of Residency: DelawareNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 29, 1833Entry on Duty: May 29, 1833Termination of Appointment: Jun 30, 1834Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate.Name: John ForsythState of Residency: GeorgiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 27, 1834Entry on Duty: Jul 1, 1834Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1841Name: Daniel WebsterState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1841Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1841Termination of Appointment: May 8, 1843Name: Abel P. UpshurState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 24, 1843Entry on Duty: Jul 24, 1843Termination of Appointment: Feb 28, 1844Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Jan 2, 1844.Name: John C. CalhounState of Residency: South CarolinaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1844Entry on Duty: Apr 1, 1844Termination of Appointment: Mar 10, 1845Name: James BuchananState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1845Entry on Duty: Mar 10, 1845Termination of Appointment: Mar 7, 1849Name: John M. ClaytonState of Residency: DelawareNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 7, 1849Entry on Duty: Mar 8, 1849Termination of Appointment: Jul 22, 1850Name: Daniel WebsterState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 22, 1850Entry on Duty: Jul 23, 1850Termination of Appointment: Oct 24, 1852Name: Edward EverettState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Nov 6, 1852Entry on Duty: Nov 6, 1852Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1853Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Dec 9, 1852.Name: William L. MarcyState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 7, 1853Entry on Duty: Mar 8, 1853Termination of Appointment: Mar 6, 1857Name: Lewis CassState of Residency: MichiganNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1857Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1857Termination of Appointment: Dec 14, 1860Name: Jeremiah S. BlackState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Dec 17, 1860Entry on Duty: Dec 17, 1860Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1861Name: William H. SewardState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1861Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1861Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1869Name: Elihu B. WashburneState of Residency: IllinoisNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1869Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1869Termination of Appointment: Mar 16, 1869Name: Hamilton FishState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 11, 1869 /7/Entry on Duty: Mar 17, 1869Termination of Appointment: Mar 12, 1877Name: William M. EvartsState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 12, 1877Entry on Duty: Mar 12, 1877Termination of Appointment: Mar 7, 1881Name: James G. BlaineState of Residency: MaineNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1881Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1881Termination of Appointment: Dec 19, 1881Name: Frederick T. FrelinghuysenState of Residency: New JerseyNon-career appointeeAppointment: Feb 12, 1881Entry on Duty: Dec 19, 1881Termination of Appointment: Mar 6, 1885Name: Thomas F. BayardState of Residency: DelawareNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1885Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1885Termination of Appointment: Mar 6, 1889Name: James G. BlaineState of Residency: MaineNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1889Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1889Termination of Appointment: Jun 4, 1892Name: John W. FosterState of Residency: IndianaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 29, 1892Entry on Duty: Jun 29, 1892Termination of Appointment: Feb 23, 1893Name: Walter Q. GreshamState of Residency: IllinoisNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1893Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1893Termination of Appointment: May 28, 1895Name: Richard OlneyState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 8, 1895Entry on Duty: Jun 10, 1895Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1897Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Dec 3, 1895.Name: John ShermanState of Residency: OhioNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1897Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1897Termination of Appointment: Apr 27, 1898Name: William R. DayState of Residency: OhioNon-career appointeeAppointment: Apr 26, 1898Entry on Duty: Apr 28, 1898Termination of Appointment: Sep 16, 1898Name: John HayState of Residency: District of ColumbiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Sep 20, 1898Entry on Duty: Sep 30, 1898Termination of Appointment: Jul 1, 1905Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned afterconfirmation on Dec 7, 1898. Reappointed Mar 5, 1901.Name: Elihu RootState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 7, 1905Entry on Duty: Jul 19, 1905Termination of Appointment: Jan 27, 1909Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned afterconfirmation on Dec 6, 1905.Name: Robert BaconState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 27, 1909Entry on Duty: Jan 27, 1909Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1909Name: Philander C. KnoxState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1909Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1909Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1913Name: William Jennings BryanState of Residency: NebraskaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1913Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1913Termination of Appointment: Jun 9, 1915Name: Robert LansingState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 23, 1915Entry on Duty: Jun 24, 1915Termination of Appointment: Feb 13, 1920Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Dec 13, 1915.Name: Bainbridge ColbyState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 22, 1920Entry on Duty: Mar 23, 1920Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1921Name: Charles Evans HughesState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 4, 1921Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1921Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1925Name: Frank B. KelloggState of Residency: MinnesotaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Feb 16, 1925Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1925Termination of Appointment: Mar 28, 1929Name: Henry Lewis StimsonState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1929Entry on Duty: Mar 28, 1929Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1933Name: Cordell HullState of Residency: TennesseeNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 4, 1933Entry on Duty: Mar 4, 1933Termination of Appointment: Nov 30, 1944Name: Edward R. Stettinius, Jr.State of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Nov 30, 1944Entry on Duty: Dec 1, 1944Termination of Appointment: Jun 27, 1945Name: James F. ByrnesState of Residency: South CarolinaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 2, 1945Entry on Duty: Jul 3, 1945Termination of Appointment: Jan 21, 1947Name: George C. MarshallState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 8, 1947Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1947Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1949Name: Dean G. AchesonState of Residency: MarylandNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 19, 1949Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1949Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1953Name: John Foster DullesState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1953Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1953Termination of Appointment: Apr 22, 1959Name: Christian A. HerterState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Apr 21, 1959Entry on Duty: Apr 22, 1959Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1961Name: Dean RuskState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1961Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1961Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1969Name: William P. RogersState of Residency: MarylandNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1969Entry on Duty: Jan 22, 1969Termination of Appointment: Sep 3, 1973Name: Henry A. KissingerState of Residency: District of ColumbiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Sep 21, 1973Entry on Duty: Sep 22, 1973Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1977Note: Served concurrently as Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs until Nov 3, 1975.Name: Cyrus VanceState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1977Entry on Duty: Jan 23, 1977Termination of Appointment: Apr 28, 1980Name: Edmund Sixtus MuskieState of Residency: MaineNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 8, 1980Entry on Duty: May 8, 1980Termination of Appointment: Jan 18, 1981Name: Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr.State of Residency: ConnecticutNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 22, 1981Entry on Duty: Jan 22, 1981Termination of Appointment: Jul 5, 1982Name: George P. ShultzState of Residency: CaliforniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 16, 1982Entry on Duty: Jul 16, 1982Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1989Name: James Addison Baker, IIIState of Residency: TexasNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 25, 1989Entry on Duty: Jan 25, 1989Termination of Appointment: Aug 23, 1992Name: Lawrence S. EagleburgerState of Residency: FloridaForeign Service officerAppointment: Dec 8, 1992Entry on Duty: Dec 8, 1992Termination of Appointment: Jan 19, 1993Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate. Served as Acting Secretary of State, Aug 23-Dec 8, 1992.Name: Warren M. ChristopherState of Residency: CaliforniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 20, 1993Entry on Duty: Jan 20, 1993Termination of Appointment: January 17, 1997Name: Madeleine Korbel AlbrightState of Residency: District of ColumbiaNon-career appointmentAppointment: January 17, 1997Entry on Duty: January 23, 1997Termination of Appointment: January 19, 2001 Name: Colin L. PowellState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointmentAppointment: January 20, 2001Entry on Duty: January 20, 2001Termination of Appointment: January 25, 2005 Name: Condoleezza RiceState of Residency: CaliforniaNon-career appointmentAppointment: January 25, 2005Entry on Duty: January 26, 2005Termination of Appointment: ---- Creation of Position: Congress created the position of Secretary of State on Jul 27, 1789 (1 Stat. 28), as the principal officer of the Department of Foreign Affairs (later renamed Department of State). The Secretary was to perform such duties as the President required, in accordance with the Constitution, relating to correspondence, commission, or instructions to U.S. ministers or consuls abroad, and to conduct negotiations with foreign representatives. The Secretary has also served as principal adviser to the President in the determination and execution of U.S. foreign policy and in recent decades has become responsible for overall direction, coordination, and supervision of interdepartmental activities of the U.S. Government overseas, except for certain military activities. The Act of Congress of Sep 5, 1789, that changed the name of the Department of Foreign Affairs assigned various domestic duties to the Department of State. Nearly all were later reassigned to other agencies. This list does not include individuals designated to act as Secretaries of State when the Secretaryship was vacant. These individuals are usually referred to collectively as Secretaries of State ad interim.Secretaries of State, 1789-2005Creation of this Position Name: Thomas JeffersonState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Sep 26, 1789Entry on Duty: Mar 22, 1790Termination of Appointment: Dec 31, 1793Name: Edmund RandolphState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 2, 1794Entry on Duty: Jan 2, 1794Termination of Appointment: Aug 20, 1795Name: Timothy PickeringState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Dec 10, 1795Entry on Duty: Dec 10, 1795Termination of Appointment: May 12, 1800Name: John MarshallState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 13, 1800Entry on Duty: Jun 6, 1800Termination of Appointment: Feb 4, 1801Name: James MadisonState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1801Entry on Duty: May 2, 1801Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1809Name: Robert SmithState of Residency: MarylandNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1809Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1809Termination of Appointment: Apr 1, 1811Name: James MonroeState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Apr 2, 1811Entry on Duty: Apr 6, 1811Termination of Appointment: Sep 30, 1814Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Nov 26, 1811.Name: James MonroeState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Feb 28, 1815Entry on Duty: Feb 28, 1815Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1817Name: John Quincy AdamsState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1817Entry on Duty: Sep 22, 1817Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1825Name: Henry ClayState of Residency: KentuckyNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 7, 1825Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1825Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1829Name: Martin Van BurenState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1829Entry on Duty: Mar 28, 1829Termination of Appointment: Mar 23, 1831Name: Edward LivingstonState of Residency: LouisianaNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 24, 1831Entry on Duty: May 24, 1831Termination of Appointment: May 29, 1833Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Jan 12, 1832.Name: Louis McLaneState of Residency: DelawareNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 29, 1833Entry on Duty: May 29, 1833Termination of Appointment: Jun 30, 1834Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate.Name: John ForsythState of Residency: GeorgiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 27, 1834Entry on Duty: Jul 1, 1834Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1841Name: Daniel WebsterState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1841Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1841Termination of Appointment: May 8, 1843Name: Abel P. UpshurState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 24, 1843Entry on Duty: Jul 24, 1843Termination of Appointment: Feb 28, 1844Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Jan 2, 1844.Name: John C. CalhounState of Residency: South CarolinaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1844Entry on Duty: Apr 1, 1844Termination of Appointment: Mar 10, 1845Name: James BuchananState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1845Entry on Duty: Mar 10, 1845Termination of Appointment: Mar 7, 1849Name: John M. ClaytonState of Residency: DelawareNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 7, 1849Entry on Duty: Mar 8, 1849Termination of Appointment: Jul 22, 1850Name: Daniel WebsterState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 22, 1850Entry on Duty: Jul 23, 1850Termination of Appointment: Oct 24, 1852Name: Edward EverettState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Nov 6, 1852Entry on Duty: Nov 6, 1852Termination of Appointment: Mar 3, 1853Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Dec 9, 1852.Name: William L. MarcyState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 7, 1853Entry on Duty: Mar 8, 1853Termination of Appointment: Mar 6, 1857Name: Lewis CassState of Residency: MichiganNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1857Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1857Termination of Appointment: Dec 14, 1860Name: Jeremiah S. BlackState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Dec 17, 1860Entry on Duty: Dec 17, 1860Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1861Name: William H. SewardState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1861Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1861Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1869Name: Elihu B. WashburneState of Residency: IllinoisNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1869Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1869Termination of Appointment: Mar 16, 1869Name: Hamilton FishState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 11, 1869 /7/Entry on Duty: Mar 17, 1869Termination of Appointment: Mar 12, 1877Name: William M. EvartsState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 12, 1877Entry on Duty: Mar 12, 1877Termination of Appointment: Mar 7, 1881Name: James G. BlaineState of Residency: MaineNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1881Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1881Termination of Appointment: Dec 19, 1881Name: Frederick T. FrelinghuysenState of Residency: New JerseyNon-career appointeeAppointment: Feb 12, 1881Entry on Duty: Dec 19, 1881Termination of Appointment: Mar 6, 1885Name: Thomas F. BayardState of Residency: DelawareNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1885Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1885Termination of Appointment: Mar 6, 1889Name: James G. BlaineState of Residency: MaineNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1889Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1889Termination of Appointment: Jun 4, 1892Name: John W. FosterState of Residency: IndianaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 29, 1892Entry on Duty: Jun 29, 1892Termination of Appointment: Feb 23, 1893Name: Walter Q. GreshamState of Residency: IllinoisNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 6, 1893Entry on Duty: Mar 7, 1893Termination of Appointment: May 28, 1895Name: Richard OlneyState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 8, 1895Entry on Duty: Jun 10, 1895Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1897Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Dec 3, 1895.Name: John ShermanState of Residency: OhioNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1897Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1897Termination of Appointment: Apr 27, 1898Name: William R. DayState of Residency: OhioNon-career appointeeAppointment: Apr 26, 1898Entry on Duty: Apr 28, 1898Termination of Appointment: Sep 16, 1898Name: John HayState of Residency: District of ColumbiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Sep 20, 1898Entry on Duty: Sep 30, 1898Termination of Appointment: Jul 1, 1905Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned afterconfirmation on Dec 7, 1898. Reappointed Mar 5, 1901.Name: Elihu RootState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 7, 1905Entry on Duty: Jul 19, 1905Termination of Appointment: Jan 27, 1909Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned afterconfirmation on Dec 6, 1905.Name: Robert BaconState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 27, 1909Entry on Duty: Jan 27, 1909Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1909Name: Philander C. KnoxState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1909Entry on Duty: Mar 6, 1909Termination of Appointment: Mar 5, 1913Name: William Jennings BryanState of Residency: NebraskaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1913Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1913Termination of Appointment: Jun 9, 1915Name: Robert LansingState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jun 23, 1915Entry on Duty: Jun 24, 1915Termination of Appointment: Feb 13, 1920Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on Dec 13, 1915.Name: Bainbridge ColbyState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 22, 1920Entry on Duty: Mar 23, 1920Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1921Name: Charles Evans HughesState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 4, 1921Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1921Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1925Name: Frank B. KelloggState of Residency: MinnesotaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Feb 16, 1925Entry on Duty: Mar 5, 1925Termination of Appointment: Mar 28, 1929Name: Henry Lewis StimsonState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 5, 1929Entry on Duty: Mar 28, 1929Termination of Appointment: Mar 4, 1933Name: Cordell HullState of Residency: TennesseeNon-career appointeeAppointment: Mar 4, 1933Entry on Duty: Mar 4, 1933Termination of Appointment: Nov 30, 1944Name: Edward R. Stettinius, Jr.State of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Nov 30, 1944Entry on Duty: Dec 1, 1944Termination of Appointment: Jun 27, 1945Name: James F. ByrnesState of Residency: South CarolinaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 2, 1945Entry on Duty: Jul 3, 1945Termination of Appointment: Jan 21, 1947Name: George C. MarshallState of Residency: PennsylvaniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 8, 1947Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1947Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1949Name: Dean G. AchesonState of Residency: MarylandNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 19, 1949Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1949Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1953Name: John Foster DullesState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1953Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1953Termination of Appointment: Apr 22, 1959Name: Christian A. HerterState of Residency: MassachusettsNon-career appointeeAppointment: Apr 21, 1959Entry on Duty: Apr 22, 1959Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1961Name: Dean RuskState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1961Entry on Duty: Jan 21, 1961Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1969Name: William P. RogersState of Residency: MarylandNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1969Entry on Duty: Jan 22, 1969Termination of Appointment: Sep 3, 1973Name: Henry A. KissingerState of Residency: District of ColumbiaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Sep 21, 1973Entry on Duty: Sep 22, 1973Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1977Note: Served concurrently as Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs until Nov 3, 1975.Name: Cyrus VanceState of Residency: New YorkNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 21, 1977Entry on Duty: Jan 23, 1977Termination of Appointment: Apr 28, 1980Name: Edmund Sixtus MuskieState of Residency: MaineNon-career appointeeAppointment: May 8, 1980Entry on Duty: May 8, 1980Termination of Appointment: Jan 18, 1981Name: Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr.State of Residency: ConnecticutNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 22, 1981Entry on Duty: Jan 22, 1981Termination of Appointment: Jul 5, 1982Name: George P. ShultzState of Residency: CaliforniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jul 16, 1982Entry on Duty: Jul 16, 1982Termination of Appointment: Jan 20, 1989Name: James Addison Baker, IIIState of Residency: TexasNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 25, 1989Entry on Duty: Jan 25, 1989Termination of Appointment: Aug 23, 1992Name: Lawrence S. EagleburgerState of Residency: FloridaForeign Service officerAppointment: Dec 8, 1992Entry on Duty: Dec 8, 1992Termination of Appointment: Jan 19, 1993Note: Commissioned during a recess of the Senate. Served as Acting Secretary of State, Aug 23-Dec 8, 1992.Name: Warren M. ChristopherState of Residency: CaliforniaNon-career appointeeAppointment: Jan 20, 1993Entry on Duty: Jan 20, 1993Termination of Appointment: January 17, 1997Name: Madeleine Korbel AlbrightState of Residency: District of ColumbiaNon-career appointmentAppointment: January 17, 1997Entry on Duty: January 23, 1997Termination of Appointment: January 19, 2001 Name: Colin L. PowellState of Residency: VirginiaNon-career appointmentAppointment: January 20, 2001Entry on Duty: January 20, 2001Termination of Appointment: January 25, 2005 Name: Condoleezza RiceState of Residency: CaliforniaNon-career appointmentAppointment: January 25, 2005Entry on Duty: January 26, 2005Termination of Appointment: ---- Creation of Position: Congress created the position of Secretary of State on Jul 27, 1789 (1 Stat. 28), as the principal officer of the Department of Foreign Affairs (later renamed Department of State). The Secretary was to perform such duties as the President required, in accordance with the Constitution, relating to correspondence, commission, or instructions to U.S. ministers or consuls abroad, and to conduct negotiations with foreign representatives. The Secretary has also served as principal adviser to the President in the determination and execution of U.S. foreign policy and in recent decades has become responsible for overall direction, coordination, and supervision of interdepartmental activities of the U.S. Government overseas, except for certain military activities. The Act of Congress of Sep 5, 1789, that changed the name of the Department of Foreign Affairs assigned various domestic duties to the Department of State. Nearly all were later reassigned to other agencies. This list does not include individuals designated to act as Secretaries of State when the Secretaryship was vacant. These individuals are usually referred to collectively as Secretaries of State ad interim.
Freedom from an irrational government is referred to as?
Liberty
Is approved the synonym of referred?
No, approved is not a synonym of referred. Approved means something has been accepted or agreed upon, while referred means to direct someone to a different source or person for information or assistance.
What is the vice presidential candidate called during the presidential campaign?
The vice presidential candidate is often referred to as the running mate of the presidential candidate during the campaign.
Who must approve most Presidential appointments?
Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution is referred to as the Appointment Clause. It gives the U.S. Senate the power to approve Presidential appointments.
What was the Former name white house?
It had no name. It was referred to as simply "The Presidential Mansion."
States that are not won by the same political party year each presidential election are referred to as?
Swing States
States that are not won by the same political party year each presidential election are referred to as what?
Swing states.
Which statement is the best description of a referendum?
a bill passed by the legislature that can be referred to the people to be either approved or rejected.
Is a presidential veto considered a reserved power?
no. a presidential veto is a power of the president, who is a part of the executive branch of the federal government. it is a delegated power. powers of the states are referred to as reserved powers.
What is the upper level in the White House called?
The upper level of the White House is usually referred to as the Presidential Quarters.
What is a chosen represenative who casts a vote for a presidential candidate at the party's national convention?
These people are referred to as delegates to the convention.
Presidential action forgiving a person convicted of a crime?
The presidential action of forgiving a person convicted of a crime is referred to as a pardon. Many times a president will pardon several people on his last day in office.
Do you have to be referred to go to children's hospital?
No, you don't! You must send your most recent clinical labs, history, and family history! Then, they will mail you with an appointment.
