The root cause was the break-up of the old parties by the slavery question.
The Whigs split in 1856 and did not field a candidate. A new party, the Republicans was formed from northern Whigs and anti-slavery factions. The southern whigs and others Southerners formed a new Constitutional Union Party. The Democrats split into north and south and nominated two candidates.
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Because there were four parties which took part to the election:
The Constitutional Unionist Party, set up on May 9, 1860 by a handful of former "Whigs" and former adherents of the "Knownothing Organization", which didn't want to join the Republican Party. whose candidate was John Bell.
The Republican Party, whose candidate was Abraham Lincoln.
The Democratic Party which, splitting int two parts nominated two candidates:
Stephen Arnold Douglas who represented the moderate wing of the party and
John Cabell Breckenridge, who represented its radical, openly "pro- slavery" wing, which was baking the interests of the "Deep South's" States.
Black Progressives supported Wilson - Apex
Republican and Democrat are the two major political parties in the American two-party system. However, there are other fringe parties like the Green party or the Libertarian party that often nominate candidates for election.
The 26th amendment to the U.S. Constitution which lowered the voting age to 18 was ratified on July 1, 1971. The first Presidential election following the ratification occurred in 1972. The major candidates that ran in that election were Republican Richard M. Nixon, Democrat George McGovern, and Libertarian Joseph Hospers.
Republican and Democrat are the two major political parties in the American two-party system. However, there are other fringe parties like the Green party or the Libertarian party that often nominate candidates for election.
James Buchanan of the Democratic party was elected president at the United States Presidential Election of 1856. The other major candidates from the 1856 election included Millard Filmore of the Know-Nothing party and John C. Frémont of the Republican party.