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The president nominates a candidate for the position of Supreme Court justice. However, the US Senate must ratify the nomination before that person is sworn-in. Therefore, it is the Senate that holds the power, but the president is a part of the process.
The President, but he (or she) must have the consent of the Senate, which votes whether to accept or reject the nominee. If a simple majority (51% of those voting) affirms the President's choice, the nominee is appointed and becomes a US Supreme Court justice
No, the state supreme courts only interpret policy for legislation or the constitution specific to the state over which it presides. The state supreme court is the final arbiter on those issues. On questions of Federal and constitutional law, the Supreme Court of the United States holds more authority.
Currently there are 20 female chief justices and 30 male chief justices. There are a few factors that might cause a slight difference in the answers such as state(s) that currently have a temporary chief justice or states that use a different court such as the court of appeals as their highest court. Or like NY that has a supreme court for each district. In any case the answer is whoever holds the highest judicial position for their state.
First a president nominates a candidate for supreme court justice and then the senate holds hearings and decide whether or not to confirm the nominee. How quickly a candidate gets confirmed depends on how lengthy the confirmation hearings last and how long it takes to bring the notion to a vote. Once a candidate is confirmed, they are soon sworn in and are then supreme court justices.