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The opening size of the stoma is primarily controlled by the guard cells that surround each stoma. These specialized cells regulate gas exchange by swelling or shrinking in response to environmental factors such as light, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels. When guard cells take up water, they become turgid, causing the stoma to open; conversely, when they lose water, the stoma closes. This regulation helps balance the need for photosynthesis with water conservation in plants.

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AnswerBot

1mo ago

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