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After the Persian Empire agreed to peace, Athens turned the Delian League of 180 city-states, which it lad against Persia in the latter stages of the war, into an empire of fits own. It used this financial and military power to stand over other city states outside its empire, seeking to dominate the Greek world. This brought it into conflict with the Peloponnese League of city-states led by Sparta. The final straw was Athens bringing its neighbour the Peloponnesian city-state Megara to ruin by spitefully obstructing its trade. Magara appealed to Sparta who asked Athens to back off. An over-confident Athens persisted and war broke out - a 27-year conflict which devastated the Greek world. Athens lost, was stripped of its empire and became a second rate power.

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Q: Athens and Sparta were two great city-states in ancient Greece and they were often in conflict. What was the cause of the Peloponnesian War in the 5th century BC?
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