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Hernán Cortés significantly impacted the Aztecs by leading the Spanish conquest of their empire in the early 16th century. He capitalized on existing rivalries among indigenous groups and utilized advanced weaponry, along with the spread of diseases like smallpox, to weaken the Aztec population. The fall of Tenochtitlán in 1521 marked the end of Aztec rule and initiated Spanish colonization, which drastically transformed the region's culture, economy, and Demographics. This conquest resulted in the loss of Aztec sovereignty and the imposition of Spanish authority and Christianity.

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