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1. Gates controlled how much water flowed from the river.

2. Main canals led from the river. They sloped down gently to keep the water flowing.

3. Medium-sized branch canals led away from the main canals.

4. Small feeder canals led directly to the fields.

SHORTER ANSWER:

Farmers built canals to carry water from the rivers to their fields. (irrigation) Built dams to hold back excess water during floods. Silt in water clogged the canals.

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