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Political assassination was not common during the 1,200 years of the history of Rome. There were only three periods when it was key.
One was during the Severan dynasty, in which members of the Severan ruling family were murdered by other family members (Geta by his brother Caracalla (in 211), Elagabalus and his mother by the imperial guard in 222, which was incited by his adoptive son (Alexander Severus). Alexander Severus was murdered by a legion which mutinied in 235. This started the second period in question: the Crisis of the Third Century. This was a 50-year period of military anarchy in which military commanders were hailed as emperors by their own troops and were then challenged by other commanders who were hailed as emperors by their own troops. Many emperors were murdered, sometimes even by their own troops who had elevated them as emperors because they did not want to fight a civil war.
The third period was in the 5th century when the western part of the Roman Empire was falling apart due to the invasions by the Germanic peoples. The emperor Valentinian III killed the commander-in-chief of the army, Aetius, (in 444) because he was afraid that he was becoming more powerful than him and was himself murdered by two of the followers of Aetius (in 455). Ricimer, who was a Germanic commander-in-chief of the Roman army had the emperor Majorian killed. Since he was not entitled to the emperor because he was not a Roman, he installed two puppet emperors and held the real power. He murdered one of them, Liberus Severus (in 465)
The most famous murder was that of Julius Caesar in 45 BC, who was assassinated by men who thought he wanted to became a despot.
Nero had his mother murdered because she wanted him to be his puppet and she was opposed to him to marrying the woman he loved, Poppea, in 54. Domitian, who was unpopular, was assassinated in 96. There were instances of murder carried out by the praetorian (imperial) guard. They murdered Caligula, who was an unpopular emperor and elevated Claudius (in 41 BC). Commodus, who was the worse emperor and who was cruel was murdered by court plot. The praetorian guard murdered his successor, Perinax, and auctioned the imperial title to the highest bidder (in 193). Constantius, the son of Constantine the great, had his paternal relatives, apart from his two brothers, murdered to eliminate rivals for the imperial title.
Considering Rome's long history, apart from the mentioned periods, the number of murders of rulers was low.
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