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Did Egypt influence the romanesque period through art and architecture?
Egypt influenced the Romanesque period as far as the use of quarried stone to build with, and the use of the arch,barrel vault,and columns to build massive structures. Also used by the Romans were the Egyptian techniques of adornment[carving of statues,use of releif sculpture,and painting of frescoes on walls]. However, though the Romans were influenced by the Egyptians, they took the basics and made it their own, and built upon the ideas, e.g. barrel vaults became grion vaults[2 barrel vaults joined by a vaulted passage way].
What distinguished Roman architecture?
The Romans adopted the Greek orders (styles) for columns and capitals (Doric, Ionic and Corinthian) and the Greek way of building temples. However, the also revolutionised architecture in what has been called the Roman architectural revolution or concrete revolution, which used concrete, the arch and the vault. Although concrete had been used by other peoples before the Romans, it was used only rarely. The Romans were the first to make a large scale use of it. They were also the first to make large scale use of the barrel (simple) arch and the vaulted arch or vault (two to four intersecting arches). The arch has a great load bearing capacity and the vault is suited to building large roofs. Roman concrete was as strong but different than modern concrete. It was less fluid and had to be layered by hand. Building in concrete was quicker and cheaper than building laborious masonry walls and did not require skilled workers. These three elements enabled the Romans to go beyond the post-and-lintel construction methods of the Greeks. The use of columns did have an influence in Roman life. The Romans continued to build temples the Greek way. They also liked to enclose their squares with quadriporticos; colonnaded porticos along the four sides of the square. The gardens of the houses of the rich were also surrounded by quadriporticos. This was modelled on the houses of rich Greeks. The Romans also still used columns for the architecture of large buildings. Their basilicas (large public buildings) had two piers (rows of columns with or without high arches at the top) along the central area of these rectangular structures which supported the roof and two aisles on along the sides of this area. At one end of the building there was an exedra (Greek) or absis (Latin). This was a Greek architectural feature, a semi-circular recess or plinth covered by a semi-dome set in the walls of a building. The architectural structure of the Roman basilica provided the model for the Christian churches of western Europe. Nowadays we call the exedra/absis apse until very recently.
How were Greek and Roman architecture different?
The Romans adopted the Greek orders (styles) for building columns (Doric, Ionic and Corithian) and build their temples in he Greek style. Apart form thid, their architecture was very different., They revolutionised architecture in what has been called the Roman architectural revolution or concrete revolution, which used concrete, the arch and the vault. These three elements enabled the Romans to go beyond Greek methods of construction which used post-and-beam or post-and-lintel structures. The Romans developed a type of concrete (opus caementicium) which was as resistant as modern concrete and also set underwater (and therefore could also be used to build docks for ports, dams, aqueducts and bridges). It was less fluid than modern concrete and had to be layered by hand. It was made by mixing a volcanic rock called pozzolana (which is named after Pozzuoli, a suburb of Naples) with lime as a binder and the addition of rubble from stones, bricks or pottery shreds as aggregates which added body to it. Concrete had technical and practical advantages. It was exceptionally strong and could span great distances when shaped into arches, vaults and domes as it could be moulded. It was layered into a formwork and it took the shape of its container. It did not require skilled labour and therefore was cheaper. It was much faster for construction than laborious masonry walls. It was safer because concrete vaulted roofing was fireproof, unlike the wooden-beamed roofs of traditional construction post-and-lintel methods. Since concrete is unsightly, the rovan covered it with a facing mabe of bricks or marble. The potential of the previously little used arch and vault, was fully exploited for the first time. The Romans were the first to fully appreciate the advantage of these structures. The (simple, barrel) arch has a strong load- bearing capacity. The vault (vaulted arch) has an even greater load-bearing capacity and its structure is suited to support large roofs. Their construction in concrete made them easier to build and even stronger. This led to the use larger and monumental arches and vaults on a grand scale. However, the Romans did not abandon masonry arches and vaults. The vaulted arch came into two forms: the groin arch is formed by two to four intersecting barrel (simple) arches and the rib arch, where the intersecting arches were not of the same diameter; the ribbed arch has intersected arches of different diameter.
How did the Romans improve on greek ideas in architecture?
The Romans only adopted the Greek orders (styles) for making columns (Doric, Ionian and Corinthian) and modelled their temples on the Greek ones. For the rest, they went beyond Greek architecture.The Romans added new and more advanced techniques to the field of architecture that were not found in ancient Greek architecture. The Romans effected what historians call the Roman architectural revolution or concrete revolution. This involved the extensive use of concrete, the barrel (simple) arch and the vaulted arch. These three elements enabled the Romans to go beyond Greek methods of construction which used cut-stone and post-and-beam or post-and-lintel structures. The Romans developed a type of concrete (opus caementicium) which was as resistant as modern concrete and also set underwater (and therefore could also be used to build docks for ports, dams, aqueducts and bridges). It was less fluid than modern concrete and had to be layered by hand. It was made by mixing a volcanic rock called pozzolana (which is named after Pozzuoli, a suburb of Naples) with lime as a binder and the addition of rubble from stones, bricks or pottery shreds as aggregates which added body to it. Concrete had technical and practical advantages. It was exceptionally strong and could span great distances when shaped into arches, vaults and domes as it could be moulded. It was layered into a formwork and it took the shape of its container. It did not require skilled labour and therefore was cheaper. It was much faster for construction than laborious masonry walls. It was safer because concrete vaulted roofing was fireproof, unlike the wooden-beamed roofs of traditional construction post-and-lintel methods. The potential of the previously little used arch and vault, was fully exploited for the first time. The Romans were the first to fully appreciate the advantage of these structures. The (simple, barrel) arch has a strong load- bearing capacity. The vault (vaulted arch) has an even greater load-bearing capacity and its structure is suited to support large roofs. Their construction in concrete made them easier to build and even stronger. This led to the use larger and monumental arches and vaults on a grand scale. However, the Romans did not abandon masonry arches and vaults. The vaulted arch came into two forms: the groin arch is formed by two to four intersecting barrel (simple) arches and the rib arch, where the intersecting arches were not of the same diameter; the ribbed arch has intersected arches of different diameter.
What advantages did the Romans find in using a cross vault instead of a barrel vault?
A cross vault is actually two barrel vaults intersecting at 90 degrees. The big advantage that the Romans saw in this was it's structural integrity. Their buildings were much stronger and durable using these types of arches.
What aspect of Roman architecture is still used in America today?
One aspect of Roman architecture that is still used in America today is the use of arches and vaults. This can be observed in the design of various structures such as government buildings, bridges, and even private homes. The Roman technique of using arches and vaults not only adds stability and strength to the buildings but also allows for larger spaces to be spanned without the need for supporting columns.
What has the author Adolf Heckel written?
Adolf Heckel has written: 'Der runde Bogen' -- subject(s): Arches, Architecture, Architecture, Romanesque, Church architecture, Romanesque Architecture, Vaults (Architecture) 'Humor aus erster Hand: [Wilhelm Diess \\'
What is the best exemplar of the high gothic stye of architecture?
Tall, narrow cathedrals featuring pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, such as Notre Dame de Paris, are examples of Gothic architecture.
A roof formed by rounded arches?
It is a vault or vaulted roof. It is formed by a series of vaults/vaulted arches.
What are Architectural style that use round arches and blunt heavy walls?
Architectural styles that utilize round arches and blunt heavy walls include Romanesque architecture and Byzantine architecture. Romanesque architecture, prominent from the 9th to the 12th centuries, features thick walls, sturdy piers, and large towers, often with barrel vaults and round arches. Byzantine architecture, while also using arches, is characterized by its domes and intricate mosaics, reflecting a blend of Roman and Eastern influences. Both styles emphasize solidity and structural integrity, creating a sense of permanence.
What is the medieval form of architecture utilizing low arches and thick walls called?
The medieval form of architecture characterized by low arches and thick walls is known as Romanesque architecture. This style, prevalent from the 9th to the 12th centuries, is marked by its use of semi-circular arches, sturdy structures, and barrel vaults, creating a sense of solidity and permanence. Romanesque buildings often feature decorative arcading and elaborate sculptures, reflecting the artistic trends of the time.
What is a curved ceiling called made by building arches against one another?
A curved ceiling created by building arches against one another is called a "vault." Specifically, this type of structure can be referred to as a "groin vault" when two barrel vaults intersect. Vaults are commonly used in architecture to create expansive and aesthetically pleasing spaces, often seen in cathedrals and grand buildings.
What is Romanesque?
Romanesque is a style of architecture that flourished in Europe from the 11th to the 12th century. It is characterized by thick walls, round arches, and barrel vaults, evoking a sense of grandeur and solidity. Romanesque architecture often incorporated decorative elements such as sculpture, frescoes, and intricate ornamentation.
What is the difference between a actuate and trabeate architecture?
The primary difference between arcuate and trabeate architecture lies in their structural systems. Arcuate architecture relies on arches and vaults to support weight and create open spaces, allowing for more fluid forms and larger spans, commonly seen in Roman and Islamic designs. In contrast, trabeate architecture employs horizontal beams and columns, emphasizing straightforward linear forms and right angles, prevalent in ancient Greek and Indian structures. This distinction influences the overall aesthetic and functionality of the buildings in each architectural style.
What was the basis of a new approach to architecture that the Romans employed to build vaults and domes and span great spaces?
The basis of the new approach or the new material that enabled the Romans to expend their architecture into vaults and domes was the use of concrete.The basis of the new approach or the new material that enabled the Romans to expend their architecture into vaults and domes was the use of concrete.The basis of the new approach or the new material that enabled the Romans to expend their architecture into vaults and domes was the use of concrete.The basis of the new approach or the new material that enabled the Romans to expend their architecture into vaults and domes was the use of concrete.The basis of the new approach or the new material that enabled the Romans to expend their architecture into vaults and domes was the use of concrete.The basis of the new approach or the new material that enabled the Romans to expend their architecture into vaults and domes was the use of concrete.The basis of the new approach or the new material that enabled the Romans to expend their architecture into vaults and domes was the use of concrete.The basis of the new approach or the new material that enabled the Romans to expend their architecture into vaults and domes was the use of concrete.The basis of the new approach or the new material that enabled the Romans to expend their architecture into vaults and domes was the use of concrete.
How did the invention of ribbed groin vaults change romanesque architecture?
The invention of ribbed groin vaults allowed for the creation of larger, more open spaces in Romanesque architecture. The ribs helped to distribute the weight of the vaults more efficiently, allowing for taller and more intricate designs that were characteristic of the Romanesque style. This innovation also enabled the inclusion of more decorative elements, such as intricate carvings and sculptures, enhancing the overall aesthetic of Romanesque buildings.
How did European architecture of the Renaissance differ from that of the medieval period?
European architecture of the Renaissance marked a departure from the medieval period by emphasizing symmetry, proportion, and the revival of classical elements from Ancient Greece and Rome. While medieval architecture often featured pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and elaborate ornamentation in structures like cathedrals, Renaissance designs embraced a more balanced and harmonious aesthetic with rounded arches, columns, and domes. This shift also involved a greater focus on human scale and the use of perspective in space, leading to more open and airy interiors. Overall, Renaissance architecture reflected a renewed interest in humanism and the natural world, contrasting with the more vertical and ornate styles of the medieval era.
