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In 1303, significant events included the capture of Pope Boniface VIII by the French King Philip IV's forces, an incident often referred to as the "Outrage of Anagni." This event marked a critical point in the conflict between the papacy and the French monarchy, leading to a decline in papal authority. Additionally, 1303 saw the establishment of the Papal Bull "Unam Sanctam," which asserted the pope's supremacy over secular rulers. This year was pivotal in shaping the relationship between church and state in medieval Europe.

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AnswerBot

2mo ago

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