The Greek alliance fleet failed to defeat the Persian fleet in the nearby strait of Axxxxx, which was the reason to block the Thermopylai pass - to force the sea battle.
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No , rhinos were not used during the battle .
The Athenian navy was part of the southern Greek fleet which fought the sea battle at Artemesion in the strait next to the pass of Thermopylae. The Athenian component was commanded by Themistocles.
The battle of Thermopylae where Persian forces were able to use a little known mountain trail to outflank the Greeks during the battle .
The battle of Thermopylae was a delaying land action to force the Persians into a sea battle to try to destroy the Persian fleet which threatened the Greek cities whih kept their main armies at home to protect their cities against amphibious attacks. This plan failed as the Persians won the sea battle of Artemesion in the strait next to Thermopylae, and the Thermopylae force was withdrawn as it was no longer required. So Thermopylae turned out to be unimportant other than propaganda for the Spartans on the sacrifice they made to allow the other Greek contingents to escape when the delaying position was abandoned. The southern Greeks tried again at the sea battle of Salamis, this time defeating the Persian navy, with the result that the Persian fleet no longer threatened the Greek cities and they were able the following spring to send out their armies to combine against the Persian army and its Greek allies and defeat it at the battle of Plataia. This land defeat was helped by the Persian army being depleted because it's defeated navy was withdrawn to Asia Minor and could no longer protect the Persian resupply fleet, and half the Persian army had to be sent back to Asia as it could not be fed during the winter in Greece. So Thermopylae is just a good story. Salamis sealed the outcome of the war.
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