A) Raids and attempted invasions by Germanic peoples, Iranian speaking peoples and, later, the Huns from across the northern frontiers of the Roman Empire (the rivers Rhine and Danube).
B) Attacks on the eastern frontiers and areas of the empire by the Parthian and then The Sasanian empires (the third and fourth of the four pre-Islamic Persian empires).
C) Paradoxically, the Roman legions (army corps) which were in charge of protecting the frontiers of the empire. The third century AD was a period of military anarchy. Most of the emperors during this period were military commanders who were proclaimed emperors by their own troops. They were often murdered by soldiers, sometimes even their own troops. There were also 35 usurper emperors who tried to take over parts of the empire after having been proclaimed emperors by their troops. Before, during and after this period there were civil wars between contenders to power which were made possible by their troops' loyalty to them. Even after the mentioned crisis there were quite a lot of usurper emperors backed by their own troops.
Berbers, particularly the tribes in North Africa, began raiding Roman lands in the late 2nd century AD and continued into the 3rd century AD. These raids intensified during the Crisis of the Third Century (approximately 235-284 AD), as the Roman Empire faced internal strife and external threats. The raids were often motivated by the desire for resources and territory amidst the weakening of Roman control in the region.
The Byzantine Empire lasted for a millennium.
Roman dynasties continuously faced the two pronged problem of usurpation and succession. Only in a relatively few instances did the succession happen smoothly and there always seemed to be someone wanting to take the crown from the reigning emperor, particularly in the later empire.
After the capital of the Roman Empire was moved to Constantinople, the Empire lasted over 1000 years.
The Roman empire ruled Egypt in the second century AD.The Roman empire ruled Egypt in the second century AD.The Roman empire ruled Egypt in the second century AD.The Roman empire ruled Egypt in the second century AD.The Roman empire ruled Egypt in the second century AD.The Roman empire ruled Egypt in the second century AD.The Roman empire ruled Egypt in the second century AD.The Roman empire ruled Egypt in the second century AD.The Roman empire ruled Egypt in the second century AD.
In the 200s, the Roman Empire faced internal instability due to political corruption, economic decline, and a series of short-lived emperors, leading to the Crisis of the Third Century. The 300s saw the rise of external threats from tribes such as the Goths and Vandals, alongside increasing pressures from Persia. By the 400s, the Western Roman Empire was further weakened by invasions from various barbarian groups, including the Huns and the eventual sack of Rome in 410 by the Visigoths. These compounded threats ultimately contributed to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD.
It changed over time. Initially it faced a challenge for superiority in the Peloponnese, with its main rival Argos. Then it became Athens' empire, and then Macedonia. There was also the threat of internal uprisings by its serf population.
Shortly after reaching the height of its power, the Roman Empire faced several major threats, including internal political instability, which was marked by civil wars and power struggles among elites. Additionally, economic difficulties, such as inflation and reliance on slave labor, weakened the empire's resilience. Finally, external pressures from invading tribes, including the Goths and Vandals, posed significant military challenges that ultimately contributed to the empire's decline.
They were slaves and prosecuted.
The flooding in of Eurasian peoples.
The challenges that the Franks faced in trying to receive the Roman Empire were: 1. The Roman Empire was attacked by several tribes like Goths and Vandals. 2. Administrative problems.
The Eastern Roman Empire survived longer than the Western Roman Empire due to factors such as better economic stability, stronger military defenses, and a more centralized government. The Eastern Empire also had access to wealthier provinces and strategic locations that helped it withstand external threats.
Both Han China and the Roman Empire faced significant external pressures that contributed to their decline, particularly from invasions by nomadic tribes and other enemy groups. In Han China, the Xiongnu and later the northern nomadic tribes posed military threats that strained resources and weakened central authority. Similarly, the Roman Empire faced invasions from various Germanic tribes and the Huns, leading to territorial losses and internal instability. These external pressures exacerbated existing political and economic challenges, hastening the decline of both empires.
The effect of military threats to the Roman empire depended on when and from whom the military threats came from. The long history of Rome from its beginnings in 753 BC BCE to the fall of the western empire in 476 AD CE takes in a lot of military activity and threats of military action. Examples of the effects of military threats are numerous: 1. Toward the end of the Roman empire, military threats from barbarian nations on Rome's borders had a negative effect on Roman society. It meant that more resources were needed to protect the borders and, as such, required manpower and money. Both of these were lacking in the end times of the empire. 2. On the other hand, as Rome was expanding, a major threat from the powerful city state empire of Carthage resulted in a determined effort to defeat Carthage, which boasted the morale and wealth of Roman society. Many more examples can be discussed; however, specific times and enemies need to be stated to adequately respond to questions like these.
Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.Justinian was a Roman emperor and his empire was the Roman empire.
Before Justinian's conquests, the Byzantine Empire primarily encompassed the eastern part of the former Roman Empire, including regions such as Anatolia, the Balkans, and parts of the eastern Mediterranean. Key cities included Constantinople, the empire's capital, as well as Antioch, Alexandria, and Thessalonica. The empire faced various threats from Persian forces to the east and Germanic tribes to the north and west. Justinian aimed to expand and reclaim former Roman territories, particularly in North Africa, Italy, and parts of Spain.
both societies faced pressure from outside invaders.