The principal cause for the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire was smallpox. The secondary cause was superior military technology.
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moctezuma
Moctezuma II
Hernán Cortés led the conquest of the Aztec.
The Aztec emperor during the Spanish conquest was Moctezuma II. He was the ninth tlatoani, or ruler, of the Aztec Empire from 1502 until his death in 1520. Moctezuma II initially welcomed the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés but later became a prisoner in his own palace.
Moctezuma