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Important kings in Persia include Cyrus the Great, who founded the Achaemenid Empire and is known for his progressive policies and respect for local customs. Darius I expanded the empire significantly and implemented administrative reforms, including the establishment of a standardized tax system. Xerxes I, his son, is noted for his military campaigns against Greece, particularly the invasion that led to the battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. The final significant monarch was Artaxerxes III, who attempted to consolidate power and restore the empire's territories.

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