This changed over the centuries.
Sparta was ruled by two kings, a council. and an assembly
Athens was ruled first by a king, then an aristocracy, then by a tyrant, then by an assembly of the people.
Persia was ruled by a king and his council.
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Athens and Sparta fought Persia in the Peloponesian War.
Athens was enemies with Sparta and Sparta was enemies with Athens
Persia.
they had different forms of government, Sparta had oligarchy while Athens had democracy. in Athens, you became a man when you turned 18, in Sparta you had to be 30. for money Athens had drachmas and Sparta had obols.
Sparta was upset with Athens attempt to control other Greek city-states