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In short, Mikhail Romanov was elected due to the lack of a better alternative candidate.

The Russian people had undergone the Time of Troubles and the Polish occupation of Moscow. The Swedes made a deal with the Russians that if they liberated Moscow from the Poles, the young Swedish Prince Karl Philipp would be elected Tsar, thus fulfilling Swedish expansionist dreams, and the Russian desire for stability.

However, while Prince Karl Philipp enjoyed popular support from the Boyars, his failure to move to Moscow and remove the Poles as quickly as possible dented his bid in two ways; firstly it meant that the Swedes had not kept up their side of the bargain; secondly it allowed the unruly Cossacks to liberate Moscow instead, which granted them influence in the decision of who to elect Tsar. The Cossacks favoured a Tsar who was Russian and relatively weak enough to allow them to continue their unrult lifestyle; Michael/Mikhail Romanov was one of their several choices.

In Michael's favour, he was a member of the noblest of Russian families at the time; the Romanovs. Also he could trace his ancestry (however tenuosly) back to Ivan the Terrible, the last of the Riurikid dynasty. Finally, his grandfather, Fedor Romanov had bequested (on his deathbed) the fate of the Russian Tsardom to Filaret Romanov and his descendants; Michael was the son of Filaret and this was arguably the decisive factor that persuaded the Boyars to concede the throne to Michael.

Conclusion: of all the contenders, only Prince Karl Philipp posed a real opposition to Michael Romanov. Support for King Wladyslaw of Poland dwindled soon after he selfishly replaced his son's application with his own and proceeded to occupy Moscow. Michael Romanov was calm, judicious, pious and best of all Russian; by electing him, the National Assembly (Zemsty Sobor) would ensure the Russian way of life, it's orthodox religion and it's boundaries would not be compromised. The Cossacks were the decisive factor that forced the Boyars to accept that Michael was the best person for the job.

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