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Introduction multiplexer demultiplexer?
A multiplexer, commonly referred as an input selector, is a circuit with many inputs but only one output: it has some data inputs, control inputs and one output, depending on the control inputs, one input from the data inputs is sent to the output .A demultiplexer is a circuit with one data input, few control inputs and many outputs, it is also known as output selector.
What is the difference between a diverging circuit and a converging circuit?
A diverging circuit is one neuron sending impulses to multiple post-synaptic neurons. A converging circuit is many neurons converging on one post-synaptic membrane.
Op-amp working principle characteristics?
1.You can see that A and B are inputs and C is the output. Whenever two inputs are given , the output is the difference of the inputs. So it is called as Operational Amplifier. 2.When one input is one or Inverting or minus and the other being plus, then the output will be negative.
What is the difference between many to one function and one to one function?
A many-to-one function is a type of function where multiple input values can map to the same output value. In contrast, a one-to-one function (or injective function) ensures that each input value maps to a unique output value, meaning no two different inputs share the same output. Thus, in a one-to-one function, every output corresponds to exactly one input, while in a many-to-one function, one output can correspond to several inputs. This distinction is crucial in understanding the behavior and properties of functions in mathematics.
What is a xor gate?
An XOR gate is an Exclusive OR gate. The output is 1 if either one or the other inputs are 1. but remains at 0 if both inputs are 1.A normal OR gate will output 1 if both inputs or either is at 1.XOR means exclusivly OR, one or the other but not both.
How many inputs has the NOT gates?
A standard NOT gate will have just one input. It will change its value to the opposite digital value for the output.
AND 20013 and 222692?
The binary AND operation has two inputs and one output.The binary AND operation will always produce a 1 output if both of its inputs are 1 and will produce a 0 output if one or both of its inputs are 0.In binary20013 = 100111000101101222692 = 110110010111100100When you perform an AND on these you get17444 = 100010000100100
What is an exclusive or?
It's a logic gate in electronics, with 2 inputs and one output. If either input is at level 1, then the output is 1. Any other combinations of input, results in the output being at 0. The exclusive name means, that only one of the inputs has to be at 1 for the ouput to be 1. If both inputs are at 1, then the output will be zero. i.e. One or the other, not both, it's exclusive of all other combinations of input.
Why mcculloch-pitts model widely used in logic functions?
The McCulloch-Pitts model was an extremely simple artificial neuron. The inputs could be either a zero or a one. And the output was a zero or a one. And each input could be either excitatory or inhibitory.Now the whole point was to sum the inputs. If an input is one, and is excitatory in nature, it added one. If it was one, and was inhibitory, it subtracted one from the sum. This is done for all inputs, and a final sum is calculated.Now, if this final sum is less than some value (which you decide, say T), then the output is zero. Otherwise, the output is a one.Here is a graphical representation of the McCulloch-Pitts modelIn the figure, I represented things with named variables. The variables w1, w2 and w3 indicate which input is excitatory, and which one is inhibitory. These are called "weights". So, in this model, if a weight is 1, it is an excitatory input. If it is -1, it is an inhibitory input.x1, x2, and x3 represent the inputs. There could be more (or less) inputs if required. And accordingly, there would be more 'w's to indicate if that particular input is excitatory or inhibitory.Now, if you think about it, you can calculate the sum using the 'x's and 'w's… something like this:sum = x1w1 + x2w2 + x3w3 + …This is what is called a 'weighted sum'.Now that the sum has been calculated, we check if sum < T or not. If it is, then the output is made zero. Otherwise, it is made a one.Now, using this simple neuron model, we can create some interesting things. Here are a few examples:NOR GateThe figure above is a 3 input NOR gate. A NOR gate gives you an output of 1 only when all inputs are zero (in this case, x1, x2 and x3) You can try the different possible cases of inputs (they can be either zero or one). Note that this example uses two neurons. The first neurons receives the inputs you give. The second neuron works upon the output of the first neuron. It has no clue what the initial inputs were.NAND GateThis figure shows how to create a 3-input NAND gate with these neurons. A NAND gate gives a zero only when all inputs are 1. This neuron needs 4 neurons. The output of the first three is the input for the fourth neuron. If you try the different combinations of inputs. The McCulloch-Pitts model is no longer used. These NOR and NAND gates already have extremely efficient circuits. So its pointless to redo the same thing, with less efficient models. The point is to use the "interconnections" and the advantages it has.It has been replaced by more advanced neurons. The inputs can have decimal values. So can the weights. And the neurons actaully process the sum instead of just checking if it is less than or not.
Why a triangle symbol for an operational amplifier?
Why not? It has two inputs and one output. So a triangle that can accomidate two intputs and one output is perfect!
Difference between switching and multiplexing?
Multiplexing-Combining all the inputs into one output. Switching-Taking one input to the output, at a time/frequency
There is a circuit using there nand gates with two inputs and one output find the output?
A "Nand" gate is an "And" gate with an "Inverter" added to its output. To get a logic 1 output from a "Nand" gate, you need a logic 0 on both of its inputs. If I understand your question correctly, you have three "Nand" gates. Presumably the outputs of two of them are connected to the inputs of the third. Logic 1 at both inputs of the first two "Nand" gates will produce a logic 0 output from both of them. The two logic 0's are fed to the inputs of the third "Nand" gate producing a logic 0 output from the third "Nand" gate.
