A unilineal kinship system is based on only one line of descent, either through the father's line (patrilineal) or through the mother's line (matrilineal). In patrilineal societies, descent, inheritance, and roles are traced through the father's line, while in matrilineal societies, they are traced through the mother's line.
Homo habilis is considered to be the direct ancestor of Homo erectus in the line of human evolution.
A relative refers to any person related to you by blood or marriage, such as parents, siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc. An ancestor specifically refers to someone who is part of your direct line of descent, like your grandparents, great-grandparents, etc. In other words, all ancestors are relatives, but not all relatives are ancestors.
Patriarchal societies have origins in various ancient civilizations, such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, and ancient Greece. These societies were typically structured around male dominance and inheritance passing through the male line, impacting social, political, and economic systems. The roots of patriarchy can be traced back to early human history, evolving alongside agricultural and pastoralist societies.
The International Date Line is an imaginary line that follows the 180° meridian. This line is drawn in a way that it avoids landmasses to prevent dividing countries or regions. The poles were chosen as the line's endpoints to have the least impact on human settlement.
The hominid evolutionary line diverged from the line leading to the great apes about 6-7 million years ago during the Miocene epoch. This divergence gave rise to the common ancestor of both hominids and great apes, leading to the evolution of modern humans and apes along separate paths.
matriarchies or matriarchates
It means 'based on kinship with the female line of the family'.
The term that refers to the kind of descent in which individuals choose the descent group they join is "ambilineal descent." In this system, individuals have the flexibility to affiliate with either their mother's or father's lineage, allowing for a more fluid and adaptive approach to kinship and inheritance. This contrasts with unilineal descent systems, where membership is strictly determined by one's maternal or paternal line.
The different types of family according to descent are patrilineal (descent traced through the father's line), matrilineal (descent traced through the mother's line), and bilateral or cognatic (descent traced through both father and mother). These family types determine kinship ties, inheritance patterns, and societal roles within the family unit.
Matrilineality is the system (not a country or religion) which follows descent through the female line. In contrast, a system that follows a male's line, is a patrilineal descent.
Bilateral kinship, which recognizes relatives on both the maternal and paternal sides, can create broad and flexible social networks, fostering cooperation and support among a wider array of relatives. In contrast, unilineal descent groups, which trace lineage through either the mother's or father's line, often provide more clearly defined roles and responsibilities within a specific lineage. The strength of each system depends on cultural context; in some societies, the flexibility of bilateral kinship may be advantageous, while in others, the stability and clear identity of unilineal descent may be more beneficial. Ultimately, neither is inherently stronger; their effectiveness varies based on social structure and cultural norms.
Line of descent Paleo-Biology.
The line of descent of a purebred animal is called it's pedigree.
Speciation with branching of the evolutionary line of descent.
By line of descent.
A genetic-based change in a line of descent over time is known as evolution. Evolution occurs through the process of natural selection, where genetic variations that provide a survival or reproductive advantage become more common in a population over generations. This gradual accumulation of genetic changes leads to the diversity of life forms that we observe today.
matrilineal