Let's make a clarification. Your terms (a-e) are modern political terms and they do not comply all to the terms used during the ancient years. Also tribes and generals influenced the political life of ancient Athens but they never took turns at power as such (tribes,generals).
Ancient Athens was mostly known for their pure democratic political system (d) which was applied during 5th century B.C. Each person from a tribe as well each general had equally the right to vote and to be voted as every other "politis" (citizen).
During the 7th century in Athens the old monarchy (b) was transformed to tyranny (nothing to do with Dictatorship which is a modern political term)
(tyran was a person who obtained the leader's position by violence,he was not elected by people). In ancient Athens though tyrans in order to fight the political strengh of those holding substantial land property gave more rights to the poorest social groups. Tribes' role changed by the laws established by Kleisthenes and Solon.
Then aristocracy was an oligarchic political system who governed ancient Athens until democracy was established.
The generals dealt exclusively with military duties, they had no other responsibilities.
I am not sure I have answered your question but for more info I have marked below two sites you cand find useful info.
Also an excellent book which will assist you is :
"Histoire den doctrines politiques en Grece",
Εd.Les presses Universitaires de France
( Ι think it must have been translated in English)
Source(s):http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/en/http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/04/en/society/…
Hieroglyphics refer to a system of writing using pictures and symbols, typically used in ancient Egypt. It was a complex system that conveyed both sounds and meanings. This form of writing was crucial for record-keeping and communication in ancient societies.
Beginning around 600 BC, each Greek city-state minted (made) its own kinds of coins (They seem to have gotten the idea from the Lydians in West Asia). A lot of the Greek coins were silver. They were made by taking a small lump of silver and putting it on an iron mold, and then striking it with a hammer that had another kind of mold in it. That way you could squash a picture into both sides at the same time.
The first irrigation system canals and dikes were developed by the ancient Mesopotamians, particularly the Sumerians, around 4500 BCE. They constructed these structures to control water flow and direct it to their fields for agriculture.
No, ancient Indians can boast of many significant achievements including the development of mathematical concepts like zero and the decimal system, contributions to the fields of astronomy and medicine, and the creation of impressive architectural wonders like the Taj Mahal.
No, cuneiform is a system of writing used in ancient Mesopotamia, while the triquetrum is a small bone in the wrist. They are not related and refer to different things.
It's called Aligarchi
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Foreign travelers introduced new philosophies.
The city-state of Athens in Ancient Greece
This is an example of ancient democracy.
Many aspects of Western government and the legal system are based on the practices of Ancient Greece. The Law Courts of ancient Athens functioned in ways very similar to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Democracy was born in ancient Athens, Greece. It emerged in the 5th century BCE as a system of government where citizens had the right to participate in decision-making through voting and direct involvement in political affairs. This concept of democracy, although limited to a small group of male citizens, became a foundational principle for modern democratic systems around the world.
Foreign travelers introduced new philosophies.
The city-state where democracy began is Athens, located in ancient Greece. In the 5th century BCE, Athens developed a system of direct democracy, allowing citizens to participate in decision-making processes. This groundbreaking political system laid the foundation for modern democratic principles and has had a lasting influence on governance worldwide.
The first political system in the city-states of Greece was the rule of one man [kingdome]. Then aristocracy/ oligarchy followed and finaly democracy was introduced with Athens as the leading city. Athens strongly supported other cities to join the democratic alliance known as the athenean alliance.
No, the world’s first democracy is generally recognized to have originated in Athens, Greece, around the 5th century BCE. While Corinth was an important city-state with a significant political system, it did not develop a democracy in the same way Athens did. Athenian democracy was characterized by direct participation of citizens in decision-making, which set it apart from other forms of governance in ancient Greece.
Ancient Greece was more committed to democratic ideals-Apex