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Usually, volcanic eruptions above water are the result of a magma-plume burning through a spot in the Earth's crust, or by the rising part of a magma convection cell. Such conditions are often found near the edges of the continental plates. There are also spots where the Earth's crust is so thin that magma breaks through even without there being a plume, such as near oceanic ridges. Most of the volcanic eruptions on this planet take place under water, near oceanic ridges.

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