Air, or oxygen and nitrogen is matter. All matter has mass. So the answer to this question is yes, air in a blown up balloon or any air does have mass.
it creates heavy storms
There is measurable atmospheric pressure at the earth's surface. The pressure must be coming from something. Air offers resistance to movement independent of the effects of acceleration. It also supplies thrust and lift to aircraft; the movement of aircraft would be hard to explain without air.
the pilot heats the air stored in the balloon with a large flame the hotter it gets the higher it goes because the heat changes the density to make it go up or down if the pilot decreases the size of the flame the hot air lowers because the smaller flame has less heat giving it a higher volume, but the air stays the same thus making it lower
They fly up and up until the air density outside the balloon matches the gas density inside the balloon. This can be very high. Then they float at that level until they pop, or the gas leaks out and they descend. The rubber material then becomes litter in someone's landscape, or in the sea. Fish, Dolphins and seabirds can be killed by eating balloon rubber.
Yes. The density of the air (and thus mass per unit volume) deceases all the way to zero (in space) as the altitude increases.
A blown up balloon is weightless because the whole thing is just air and air has no weight
Since air is matter, it does have mass. So adding its mass to the mass of the balloon would cause the balloon to have more mass. Weight is a measure of the pull of gravity on an object and an object with more mass is "pulled" more, so the balloon with air in it would indeed be heavier than a balloon without air.
It decreases.
No, air is matter and all matter takes up space therefore, having a mass. You can find it by subtracting the mass of the balloon from the total mass of the balloon and the air. (You will need a very accurate scale.)
No
The pressure inside is greater than outside, or else the balloon would not blown up.
When the air inside a balloon cools, it will also contract, therefore the balloon will partially deflate.
It goes up because you are adding air to it which also has weight.
Determine the mass of an empty balloon. Then blow as much air as you can into the balloon and determine the mass again. The blown up balloon should be heavier and occupy more volume (is bigger). This shows that the air used to blow it up has mass and volume, and therefore is matter.
When the air inside a balloon cools, it will also contract, therefore the balloon will partially deflate.
By blowing up a balloon. if you show the kid the balloon when its not blown up then they'll see that it gets bigger when its full of air. If they don't believe that theres air inside then pop it and there will be nothing.
The mass of the balloon material plus the mass of the compressed gas within it. The fact that this might be less than the mass of atmospheric air which it displaces is of no consequence to this answer. But that will affect the result of any attempt to weigh it.