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What has the author J M Weke written?
J. M. Weke has written: 'Signpost presents Moi' -- subject(s): Politics and government
What is the translation of week in medieval English?
"Medieval English" covers two different languages - Old English (up to about 1150) and Middle English (for the rest of the Middle Ages).In Old English the word for week is weocu, wuce or wucu, the first u being like the French sound in "tu" and the c is like k.In Middle English this had evolved into wike [weekeh] or weke [waykeh], but the term seven-night [seh-vehn niCHt] was also widely used.The modern English word week has gradually developed from the Middle English version.
What actors and actresses appeared in Mai Time - 1992?
The cast of Mai dire TV - 1991 includes: Pippo Baudo as himself Mike Bongiorno as himself Cesare Cadeo as himself Piero Chiambretti as himself Stephen Fry as himself Giorgio Gherarducci as Himself - Host Vanessa Gravina as herself Helenio Herrera as himself Takeshi Kitano as himself Romina Power as Justine Marco Santin as Himself - Host Vittorio Sgarbi as himself Richard Simmons as himself Seyyal Taner as herself Teo Teocoli as Peo Pericoli
Vikings rowed in shifts but how long did each shift last?
As I might be the "source" of this question, or at least one of the sources, her we go! ;-) Your question holds a postulate: "Vikings rowed in shifts....". We do not actually know this, but my theory which I presented in a Danish daily newspaper on the 26th of January 1998 ( http://www.information.dk/16162 , later on the internet http://www.abc.se/~pa/publ/vikskift.htm and still later in English http://www.abc.se/~pa/publ/vikshift.htm ), I argued that there is a lingual connection between "rowing in shift" and the noun "viking". What is indisputeable is, that there in Northern Europe is an old sea measure, which means the distance between shifting rowers. In Low German this measure is called "Weke Sees", in Old Norse "vika sjóvar", in Danish "uge søs", in Norwegian "ukesøs", in Swedish both "veckusjö" and "sjövika". The Dutch and e. g. the Wends most likely have had their own names for this sea measure! The arguing is that from ON "vik" (the Eng. noun "turn" or "shift") is "vikja" (the Eng. verb "turn" or "shift") derived. From that the ON activity noun "viking" (the Eng. "turning" or shifting") is derived and from that the ON noun "vikingr" (the man who performed the "viking" activity) is derived! Compare with e. g. "sail" (the noun) => "sail" (the verb) => "sailing" => "sailor"! Even if ON "vikingr" thus means "a man undertaking a long voyage", we don't today know how old and "archaic" the connection between ON "vik" and ON "vikingr" was at the period of time, which we today call the "Viking Age"! In this area people were rarely literate and it is quite possible that the vikings (the pirates) had no knowledge of the etymology of the ON "vikingr"! Some years after I had written my article on this subject, I learnt that the Swedish admiral and chamberlain Bertil Daggfeldt had written this article http://fornvannen.se/pdf/1980talet/1983_092.pdf already 1983. Daggfeldt's article were very little spread among Swedish philoIogists and no one really understood how important it was. I contacted Bertil Daggfeldt and got his permission to also put his article on the net ( http://www.abc.se/~pa/publ/vik-rodd.htm . Later I also translated his article in to English, http://www.abc.se/~pa/publ/vik-oar.htm , and after that philologists from many countries began discussing the rower shifting etymology seriously! So returning to your question! The viking ships, both the long boat and other types could be propelled by rowers alone; this was a great advantage in critical situations, but normally the vikings sailed or waited for favourable winds. In those cases, where the ship was propelled by oars, one has to consider the length of th ON "vika sjóvar". The shift would then probably have been two hours; Scolars have also been postulating that a shift was 1000 oar strokes, but this is not documented! John Larsson, Hillerød, Denmark ( jodalela@gmail.com )
