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As I might be the "source" of this question, or at least one of the sources, her we go! ;-)
Your question holds a postulate: "Vikings rowed in shifts....". We do not actually know this, but my theory which I presented in a Danish daily newspaper on the 26th of January 1998 ( http://www.information.dk/16162 , later on the internet http://www.abc.se/~pa/publ/vikskift.htm and still later in English http://www.abc.se/~pa/publ/vikshift.htm ), I argued that there is a lingual connection between "rowing in shift" and the noun "viking". What is indisputeable is, that there in Northern Europe is an old sea measure, which means the distance between shifting rowers. In Low German this measure is called "Weke Sees", in Old Norse "vika sjóvar", in Danish "uge søs", in Norwegian "ukesøs", in Swedish both "veckusjö" and "sjövika". The Dutch and e. g. the Wends most likely have had their own names for this sea measure! The arguing is that from ON "vik" (the Eng. noun "turn" or "shift") is "vikja" (the Eng. verb "turn" or "shift") derived. From that the ON activity noun "viking" (the Eng. "turning" or shifting") is derived and from that the ON noun "vikingr" (the man who performed the "viking" activity) is derived! Compare with e. g. "sail" (the noun) => "sail" (the verb) => "sailing" => "sailor"!
Even if ON "vikingr" thus means "a man undertaking a long voyage", we don't today know how old and "archaic" the connection between ON "vik" and ON "vikingr" was at the period of time, which we today call the "Viking Age"! In this area people were rarely literate and it is quite possible that the vikings (the pirates) had no knowledge of the etymology of the ON "vikingr"!
Some years after I had written my article on this subject, I learnt that the Swedish admiral and chamberlain Bertil Daggfeldt had written this article http://fornvannen.se/pdf/1980talet/1983_092.pdf already 1983. Daggfeldt's article were very little spread among Swedish philoIogists and no one really understood how important it was. I contacted Bertil Daggfeldt and got his permission to also put his article on the net ( http://www.abc.se/~pa/publ/vik-rodd.htm . Later I also translated his article in to English, http://www.abc.se/~pa/publ/vik-oar.htm , and after that philologists from many countries began discussing the rower shifting etymology seriously!
So returning to your question! The viking ships, both the long boat and other types could be propelled by rowers alone; this was a great advantage in critical situations, but normally the vikings sailed or waited for favourable winds. In those cases, where the ship was propelled by oars, one has to consider the length of th ON "vika sjóvar". The shift would then probably have been two hours; Scolars have also been postulating that a shift was 1000 oar strokes, but this is not documented!
John Larsson, Hillerød, Denmark ( jodalela@gmail.com )
What else can I help you with?
How many possible Caesar shift codes are there?
A Caesar shift code, or Caesar cipher, involves shifting the letters of the alphabet by a fixed number of positions. Since there are 26 letters in the English alphabet, there are 25 possible non-trivial Caesar shift codes (shifts of 1 to 25), as a shift of 0 or 26 results in the original text. Each shift produces a unique encoding of the plaintext, allowing for various combinations.
How do vikings greet each other?
Icelandic would be the language most similar to the language of the vikings. Swedish slang for hello include: Tja and Tjena.
What emenies did the vikings encounter?
Franks, Moors, English, each other including the Normans (Vikings who had relocated to France), various peoples in the Mediterranean and Russia, and some even clashed with a native tribe in North America. The Vikings encountered no shortage of enemies.
Did the Vikings have enemies and allies?
The vikings were not a collective whole. There were Norwegians, Icelanders, Danish, and many others. Some were allied with each other, some were enemies of each other. Egil Skalagrimson who was known to have gone aviking was the enemy of the King of Norway, for example.
What was the relationship between the Romans and Vikings during ancient times?
The relationship between the Romans and Vikings during ancient times was characterized by conflict and occasional cooperation. The Romans viewed the Vikings as barbaric invaders, while the Vikings saw the Romans as a powerful and advanced civilization. There were instances of trade and alliances between the two groups, but overall, they were often at odds with each other.
Which way does a graph shift if you subtract that number from each x in the equation?
it shifts to the rightt!
what are different ways you can divide 24 into work shifts?
You can divide 24 hours into work shifts in several ways, depending on the length of each shift. For example, you could have three 8-hour shifts, four 6-hour shifts, or two 12-hour shifts. Additionally, you can create combinations like two 10-hour shifts and one 4-hour shift, or six 4-hour shifts. The choice depends on the needs of the workforce and operational requirements.
What does a change in supply look like on a graph?
A change in supply is represented on a graph by a shift of the supply curve to the left or right. If supply increases, the curve shifts to the right, indicating that producers are willing to supply more at each price level. Conversely, a decrease in supply shifts the curve to the left, showing that less is available at each price. This shift affects the equilibrium price and quantity in the market.
What does it signify when the demand curve shifts to the left?
When the demand curve shifts to the left, it signifies a decrease in the quantity demanded at each price level. This shift can be caused by factors such as a decrease in consumer income, changes in consumer preferences, or the introduction of substitute goods.
How many possible Caesar shift codes are there?
A Caesar shift code, or Caesar cipher, involves shifting the letters of the alphabet by a fixed number of positions. Since there are 26 letters in the English alphabet, there are 25 possible non-trivial Caesar shift codes (shifts of 1 to 25), as a shift of 0 or 26 results in the original text. Each shift produces a unique encoding of the plaintext, allowing for various combinations.
Why does a demand curve shift?
A demand curve shifts when there is a change in factors such as consumer preferences, income levels, prices of related goods, or expectations about the future. These changes can lead to an increase or decrease in the quantity demanded at each price level, causing the demand curve to shift to the right or left.
What mean by two shift operation?
In a two-shift operation, a business or facility operates in two separate shifts within a 24-hour period, typically covering day and night shifts. This approach maximizes productivity and resource utilization by allowing continuous operation, often in industries like manufacturing or services. Each shift usually has a set number of hours, and employees are scheduled accordingly to ensure coverage and efficiency. This setup can help meet high demand while optimizing labor costs.
When should the inspection of the lift truck be performed?
Beginning of each shift
You wash dishes for a chemistry laboratory to make extra money for laundry You earn 6 dollars a hour and each shift lasts 75 minutes so How many shifts must you work to wash 10 loads of laundry?
Nice try kid. My son has the same homework as you do right now.
How do you put a Mazda Protege into overdrive?
It is available to you automatically each time you start your vehicle. Unless turned off it is the final gear your car shifts to at approximately 40mph+ while cruising, (if the petal is to the floor it will not shift to O.D. but rather if your going above 40mph and decide to pass the first thing your auto transmission will do is shift from your O.D.).
What is the shift pattern on a case 1370?
The Case 1370 typically follows a standard shift pattern of 8 hours, often structured as three shifts: morning, afternoon, and night. Each shift usually lasts for eight hours, allowing for continuous operation. However, specific patterns may vary based on the employer's requirements and operational needs. Always refer to the operator's manual or company guidelines for precise details.
Each piper was on a rato they had to play for 2in a half hours per shift if the pipers played continuosly throughout the 12 day how long did the piper play?
If each piper played for 2.5 hours per shift and worked continuously for 12 days, first, we need to determine the total hours worked in that period. There are 12 days, and assuming they worked 24 hours each day, that totals 288 hours (12 days x 24 hours). If each piper played for 2.5 hours per shift, then each piper played a total of 288 hours / 2.5 hours per shift = 115.2 shifts. Thus, if they played continuously, they would have played for 288 hours over the 12 days.
