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None! The Catholic Church did more than any organization or country to shelter and protect Jews. Churches, convents and monasteries, including the Vatican itself, hid Jews from the Nazis and helped many of them escape to safe countries. It is even said the Pope Pius XII would disguise himself as a simple Franciscan friar and sneak out of the Vatican at night and smuggle Jews out of Rome and into the safety of the Vatican. Thousands and thousands of lives were saved. The rumors of the Catholic Church cooperating with the Nazis was part of a disinformation campaign conducted by the Soviet Union to discredit the Church and drive a wedge between the Church and the Jews as well as with the rest of the world. Once the Nazis were defeated, the Soviets feared the Catholic Church more than any other group. All this information was revealed by former KGB agents when the Soviet Union dissolved in the 1980s.
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Is church history objective or subjective?
The term 'church history' can be either objective or subjective; for example: Sentence subject: The church history goes back for two centuries. Subject of clause: When the church history was first written it was hand written. Object of verb: We had the church history compiled from our archives. Object of preposition: We've had many discussions on our church history.
How did Henry Vlll and Martin Luther change the Church?
A:Of course, King Henry VIII and Martin Luther were instrumental in the formation of the Protestant churches. This would not necessarily change the parent, Catholic Church but it did, in a way they could not have anticipated.Prior to the Reformation, the Catholic Church had a spiritual monopoly in western Europe and could demand absolute allegiance. The creation of new and sustainable Churches protected by powerful kings and princes changed all this. There was no longer a universal monopoly, and the Catholic Church had to adapt to the new reality, which it did at an astonishingly slow pace.The Catholic Church still held a spiritual monopoly in countries where Catholicism was the major faith, and it continued to exercise that monopoly. As recently as 1864, Pius IX published the Syllabus of Errors, stating that where Catholics are in the minority, they have the right to public worship, but where others faiths are in the minority, they have no right to public worship because only the true faith has the right to public worship.Finally, in 1965, the Church came to the realisation that it would no longer be possible to force all people to believe and practise the one faith, even where Catholicism was the majority faith. The Second Vatican Council pronounced the right of all to religious liberty, recognising their right to worship in whatever way they wished. Almost five hundred years after the time of Henry VIII and Luther, the change was complete..Catholic AnswerThe change that Henry VIII and Martin Luther contributed to, although unintentionally, was the Catholic reform which peaked with the Council of Trent, and continued for several centuries. A major result, again unintentional, was that the Church became to a certain extent insular and reactionary, fearful of the protestant heresies. And they both certainly gave a huge impetuous to education and missionary work whose prime example was the Society of Jesus, which came into existence primarily to fight the heresy brought about by Henry VIII and Martin Luther. Many Jesuits were martyred in England in the century beginning with Henry's apostasy. .from the Catholic EncyclopediaThe term Counter-Reformation denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the Thirty Years' War, 1648. The name, though long in use among Protestant historians, has only recently been introduced into Catholic handbooks. The consequence is that it already has a meaning and an application, for which a word with a different nuance should perhaps have been chosen. For in the first place the name suggests that the Catholic movement came after the Protestant; whereas in truth the reform originally began in the Catholic Church, and Luther was a Catholic Reformer before he became a Protestant. By becoming a Protestant Reformer, he did indeed hinder the progress of the Catholic reformation, but he did not stop it.from A Catholic Dictionary, edited by Donald Attwater, Second edition, revised 1957The Counter-Reformation is the name given to the Catholic movement of reform and activity which lasted for about one hundred years from the beginning of the Council of Trent (q.v., 1545), and was the belated answer to the threatening confusion and increasing attacks of the previous years. It was the work principally of the Popes St. Pius V and Gregory XIII and the Council itself in the sphere of authority, of SS. Philip Neri and Charles Borromeo in the reform of the clergy and of life, of St. Ignatius and the Jesuits in apostolic activity of St. Francis Xavier in foreign missions, and of St. Teresa in the purely contemplative life which lies behind them all. But these were not the only names nor was it a movement of a few only; the whole Church emerged from the 15th century purified and revivified. On the other hand, it was a reformation rather than a restoration; the unity of western Christendom was destroyed; the Church militant (those still on earth) led by the Company of Jesus adopted offence as the best means of defence and, though she gained as much as she lost in some sense, the Church did not recover the exercise of her former spiritual supremacy in actuality.from Modern Catholic Dictionary by John A. Hardon, S.J. Doubleday & Co., Inc. Garden City, NY 1980A period of Catholic revival from 1522 to about 1648, better know as the Catholic Reform. It was an effort to stem the tide of Protestantism by genuine reform within the Catholic Church. There were political movements pressured by civil rules, and ecclesiastical movements carried out by churchmen in an attempt to restore genuine Catholic life by establishing new religious orders such as the Society of Jesus and restoring old orders to their original observances, such as the Carmelites under St. Teresa of Avila (1515-98). The main factors responsible for the Counter Reformation, however, were the papacy and the council of Trent (1545-63). Among church leaders St. Charles Borromeo (1538-84), Archbishop of Milan, enforced the reforms decreed by the council, and St. Francis de Sales of Geneva (1567-1622) spent his best energies in restoring genuine Catholic doctrine and piety. Among civil rulers sponsoring the needed reform were Philip II of Spain (1527-98) and Mary Tudor (1516-58), his wife, in England. Unfortunately this aspect of the reformation led to embitterment between England and Scotland, England and Spain, Poland and Sweden, and to almost two centuries of religious wars. As a result of the Counter Reformation, the Catholic Church became stronger in her institutional structure, more dedicated to the work of evangelization, and more influential in world affairs.
Why did Luther have a conflict with the Roman Catholic Church?
It's just Catholic, not Roman Catholic. Roman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is never used by the official Catholic Church."Because the roman catholic church was taking the tithe money and using it for themselves!" This was the original answer posted by someone else, however, it is highly inaccurate and doesn't give the full picture. Martin Luther disagreed with many things. 1: The authority of the Church. Martin Luther did NOT believe in the Pope as the authority of the Church. After the resurrection, Jesus gave the keys of his Church to Peter to be the "physical" leader in His stead. After Peter died, a new leader was chosen and since then, Catholics have always had a Pope. 2: "By Faith alone we are saved" Martin Luther believed that if one just has faith, then he/she is saved and claimed that it was even written in the Bible. When Martin Luther translated the Bible from original Greek to German he added words. Such as, Romans 3:28, "Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith {"allein" (English 'alone')} apart from the deeds of the law." Allein, was added in by Martin Luther and even some Protestant scholars have admitted that this is true, though some denied it. Catholics strongly disagree with the "Faith alone" statement and insist that one must also try to be perfect AND faithful. --This also ties in with Martin Luther's disagreement with confession and repentance. He states, "Be a sinner, and sin boldly, but believe more boldly still. Sin shall not drag us away from Him, even should we commit fornication or murder thousands and thousands of times a day (Luther, M. Letter of August 1, 1521 as quoted in Stoddard, p.93)." Yet Catholics firmly believe in the repentance of one's sins. There are many other things that Martin Luther disagreed with the Catholic faith. As to the answer left beforehand, many people have the misconception that the Catholics were "money hogs." In actuality, the Church was quite poor and what little money it did have, was spent on the long and painstaking process of translating and hand-printing the Bible and distributing them among Churches around Europe, during the middle ages. That point of time with the Church does not tie in with Martin Luther..Answer from a Catholic who used to be a LutheranI'm sorry, but people have to stop dancing around the main issue here. If you actually read Martin Luther's own writings, the man had a problem with alcohol and sex. The man threw off his lifelong religious vows of chastity, obedience, and poverty without so much as a by-your-leave and proceeded to trash the Church for anything he could think of to get the attention off himself as he broke every commandment Our Blessed Lord left us. Martin Luther did not want to try to be good and follow God, so he made up his own religion that allowed him to "sin and sin greatly" and God would still save him, in spite of his sin (his words, not mine). Martin Luther disagreed with the Church because the Church had constantly taught the morality of Jesus calling people to "repent and believe in the Gospel." Luther did NOT want to repent, nor did he want to believe in the Gospel, he wanted to believe that he was saved - period. So the Catholic faith that Our Blessed Lord entrusted to St. Peter and his successors had to go. The German princes loved it as they no longer had to send tithes to Rome, so they followed Luther into the gutter, and took the Church away from the common people.
Where did Martin Luther first announced his opposition to the Catholic Church?
The chruch was too rich:The church owned about one third of all of the land in England. An ordinary peasant had to give 10% of their harvest ( a tithe) to the priest every year. Some felt that the bishops, priests and monks lived in luxury whilst the poor suffered.The priest didn't lead a very holy life:Soem priests had a few jobs and neglected their work. Villagers once told the Bishop of Hereford.'The priest put his horses and sheep in the churchyard... he was away for 6 weeks and made no arrangement for a substitute. Sir John (the priest) spends his time in the taverns (pubs) and there his tongue is loosened to the scande of everyone. He is living with a woman Margaret and he cannot read nor write and so cannot look after the parishers' souls'Ordinary people did not think soem priests were setting a very good example to the people living in the village or town.Ordinary people couldn't understand church services:The Bible was written in Latin and the church services were held in this language as well. People said they found it difficult to feel close to God if they couldn't understand what was being said in church.Poor People couldn't afford indulgences:When a person died, they went to heaven or hell. It was thought you passed through a place called purgatory on the way. In purgatory, people believed you were punished for any sins you may of commited whilst you were alive. It wasn't meant to be a nice place to stay very long. When you were alive, you could buy indulgences from a bishop. This meant that you travelled through purgatory quicker. Rich people could buy lots of indulgences. Poor people didn't think it was fair. They thought that they were being punished for being poor..Catholic AnswerMartin Luther basically was angry with the Catholic Church because he was a very misguided soul who could not reconcile his life with the teachings of Christ. So he changed the teachings of Christ in order to not feel guilty about the way he lived. There were things wrong with the Church at the time, but you do not leave the Church that Jesus Christ founded because its members are sinning and form your own. Martin Luther, on the other hand, had, after years of prayer and reflection, made solemn vows of lifelong poverty, chastity, and obedience. He then left his monastery without even asking permission, and proceeded to violate everyone of his vows in a very public, disgusting way: throwing away his salvation with both hands, and dragging others with him. He was angry with the Catholic Church as they were trying to hold him to a moral life that Our Blessed Lord requested of him, and he vowed himself to, and they were holding him to it, and he didn't want to follow it. .from Radio Replies, by Fathers Rumble and Carty, 1942221 The power of Romanism was shattered by Martin Luther, of immortal memory.Martin Luther is undoubtedly an outstanding figure in history. But the immortal memory of Luther will become less and less pleasant as the facts concerning him become known. Those who idealize Luther can do so only by ignoring an immense amount of inconvenient information. He was a priest of the Catholic Church, but one who was not faithful to his obligations even as a Christian. On his own admissions he was a victim of both immorality and drunkenness; and he was the most intolerant of men. Far from granting liberty of conscience, he refused to allow anyone to think differently from himself, and coolly said, "Whoever teaches otherwise than I teach is a child of hell.
What arm did Nazis salute with?
It starts out kind of like putting your right hand over your heart,then going up real fast and putting your hand in the air,palm facing the ground and fingers to gather.Answer #2Take the explanation of answer#1 and add the verbal salute of "heil" (hail). In fact you woundn't need to explain that much - just say it's a German version of the ancient roman empire... when soldiers salute "macte" the Caesar... in fact it's the roman salute.
Are hand jobs against the Catholic church?
Yes, it is against the catholic church and its a sin under the commandment of Adultery.
What is a resistance group to the Nazis?
To distribut cupcakes and candy to the Germans while dispensing bullets and hand-grenades to the Jews.
How do you use Roman Catholic Church in a sentence?
You would use the phrase Roman Catholic Church as a noun, because it's a name. For example, "The Roman Catholic Church is headquarted in Vatacin City" or "John is a member of the Roman Catholic Church". Tip: there is no Roman Catholic Church. It is the Catholic Church.
Why does the Catholic Church not actively hand over rapist priests to authorities?
Roman Catholic AnswerThe Catholic Church does actively pursue all instances of crime by its priests. Why do people ask questions actively believing that the Church would be doing the wrong thing?
How did the church feel about martins reforms?
The Catholic Church responded through the Catholic (or Counter) Reformation. They acknowledged there was corruption in the church, though they restated their intentions to keep the sacraments. Calvinists, on the other hand, were treated more harshly.
How many Jewish people did the Catholic church hand over to Hitler for execution?
Roman Catholic AnswerNone, the Catholic Church did more than any other institution to save people during Hitler's reign of terror in Europe.
What is the basin that is used for ritual hand washing in a Catholic Church called?
It's called a Lavabo.
Can you tell if a church is catholic or protestant by the name?
It depends on what its name is. If it is, for example, 'The Church of Our Lady', it is Catholic, as Protestants do not give that title to Mary. On the other hand, if it is, for example, 'St John's', it could be either.
Why did Axis countries not under Nazi control murder their Jews?
Which countries are you thinking of?Countries like Romania and Bulgaria and more specifically Slovakia.___Romania had a long history of rabid antisemitism steeped in superfical religiosity, but Bulgaria in fact claims that it refused to hand over its own citizens to the Nazis. Slovakia was a German puppet state from 1939-44 with very little autonomy, and like most Catholic countries in Eastern Central Europe it was extremely antisemititic, believing that (most of) the Jews were Communists, and that Communism was a specifically Jewish ideology. Much the same is true of Croatia. In the period c. 1918 onwards the Catholic church was haunted by the spectre of Bolshevism.Incidentally, Slovakia was the only country in Europe that went so far as to pay(!) the Germans to remove its Jews.--------Bulgaria surrendered 11 384 Jews to the Nazis, these were comprised of refugees and Jews who lived in the territories gained during the war. In doing so they 'saved' the 50 000 Jews from 'Old' Bulgaria.
Did the catholic church stifle medieval literature?
No, the Catholic Church did not really stifle medieval literature. There was a reason for this, which was that the literature during the middle ages was copied by hand or memorized, and the church could not really control individual writing literature easily prior to the invention of the printing press. The Catholic Church did stifle preaching, but that was a matter of something happening in public.
What does it mean when you offer someone the sign of peace?
in the catholic church, it means to shake their hand while saying "Peace be with you"
What are the differences between Christian and Muslim birth ceremonies?
Roman Catholic AnswerThere is no difference for the simple reason that Catholics are Christians. Another answerBut there are differences between protestants and Catholics in the funeral services. For example, Catholics still use a High Requiem Mass (if a priest is available to use the Extraordinary Form). The service is often more solemn and formatted. In non-Catholic Christian faiths, funerals may be long or short (typically short), appear less formatted and regimented, and seem more relaxed. As well, incense is used in Catholic funerals but not in non-Catholic churches. As well, a non-Catholic church may have no candles anywhere in the church but there may be many lit candles in Catholic funerals. Often, non-catholic churches have no cross symbols, but Catholic Churches have crucifixes often with the deceased body of Christ (whereas non-Catholic churches have plain crosses, emphasizing the Risen Christ).
