John McCarthy, a fundamental figure in artificial intelligence in e-commerce, has died at the age of 84. McCarthy coined the term "artificial intelligence" and spent most of his career at Stanford as a towering figure in computer science. Theoretical research. Alan Mathison Turing, a British logician, and computer pioneer did the first important work on the subject of artificial intelligence in the mid-20th century.
The expression "man-made consciousness" traces all the way back to the mid-1950s, when mathematician John McCarthy, broadly perceived as the dad of AI, utilized it to portray machines that do things individuals may call shrewd. He and Marvin Minsky, whose work was similarly as compelling in the AI field, coordinated the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence in 1956. A couple of years after the fact, with McCarthy on the personnel, MIT established its Artificial Intelligence Project, later the AI Lab. It converged with the Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) in 2003 and was renamed the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, or CSAIL. Presently a pervasive piece of current culture, AI alludes to any machine that can reproduce human intellectual abilities, for example, critical thinking. Throughout the second 50% of the twentieth century, AI arose as an incredible AI approach that permits PCs to, as the name infers, gain from input information without being expressly customized. One procedure utilized in AI is a neural organization, which draws motivation from the science of the mind, transferring data between layers of supposed fake neurons. The absolute first counterfeit neural organization was made by Minsky as an alumni understudy in 1951 (see "Learning Machine, 1951"), yet the methodology was restricted from the outset, and even Minsky himself before long turned his concentration to different methodologies for making savvy machines. As of late, neural organizations have made a rebound, especially for a type of AI called profound realizing, which can utilize exceptionally huge, complex neural organizations. socialprachar
John C Maxwell
In 1776, Scottish surgeon John Hunter successfully completed the first human artificial insemination. http://books.google.com/books?id=B4cOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=John+Hunter+insemination+1776&source=bl&ots=uDSVX5rKXJ&sig=0tRn7WuhxYqTq3mZsd4Ikh-AoKc&hl=en&ei=gFtVSq-sOJLENveZ-csC&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2
In 1776, Scottish surgeon John Hunter successfully completed the first human artificial insemination. http://books.google.com/books?id=B4cOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=John+Hunter+insemination+1776&source=bl&ots=uDSVX5rKXJ&sig=0tRn7WuhxYqTq3mZsd4Ikh-AoKc&hl=en&ei=gFtVSq-sOJLENveZ-csC&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2
Artificial Intelligence was coined by John McCarthy in 1955.1955 comes under the Industrial Era.
john McCarthy
John McCarthy is the founder of Artificial Intelligence.Though work on AI began even before the term was coined.
John McCarthy (An American Computer Scientist )
The direct answer is John McCarthy
John McCarthy defined it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines"So the answer is : Both ( Science and Engineering )
John McCarthy, a fundamental figure in artificial intelligence in e-commerce, has died at the age of 84. McCarthy coined the term "artificial intelligence" and spent most of his career at Stanford as a towering figure in computer science. Theoretical research. Alan Mathison Turing, a British logician, and computer pioneer did the first important work on the subject of artificial intelligence in the mid-20th century.
John McCarthy (An American Computer Scientist )
Depends on what you mean by living beings... Artificial intelligence as a definition applies strictly artificially produced forms of intelligence, i.e. computers, robots, etc. For instance, the person who first coined the term 'Artificial Intelligence", John McCarthy, defined it to mean "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines" (Wikipedia "Artificial Intelligence"). I suppose the philosophical question is: what are machines? Are they necessarily those hand-crafted pieces of metal and plastic? Or could a machine be more complex - a living creature that has never been able to process intelligent thoughts before (ex. an animal, to the best of our current knowledge) but is somehow given the capability through 'artificial intelligence engineering' to process thoughts? And how do we define intelligence? Is intelligence ultimately a natural ability to survive despite the odds? (Many animals are able to do this via body adaptations in extreme environments, without having an apparent "intelligence"). Food for thought!
Yes! When there is Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Stupidity also should coexist!Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to create it. Textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents," where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."Artificial Stupidity is commonly used as a humorous opposite of the term artificial intelligence (AI), often as a derogatory reference to the inability of an AI program to adequately perform basic tasks. However, within the field of computer science, artificial stupidity is also used to refer to a technique of "dumbing down" computer programs in order to deliberately introduce errors in their responses.
The aim of AI is to develop machines that behave as if they were intelligent ( John McCarthy 1955 )So if you ask that can AI have feelings then well you are going very deep into the philosophy about consciousness.As for now machines can behave as if they had emotions.
Artificial intelligence and robotics actually has a history dating back to the time of the Roman Empire. However, modern conceptions of artificial intelligence werte first considered by philosophers Bertrand Russell and Alfred Whitehead when they published Principia Mathematica. John McCarthy first coined the phrase artificial intelligence at a conference at Dartmouth College in 1956.