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Artemis (slayer?, protector?) In Greek mythology, one of the 12 Olympian gods; goddess of the moon, hunting, and childbirth and patroness of chastity and unmarried girls; daughter of Zeus and Leto and twin sister of Apollo. The Romansequated her with their goddess Diana. One of the Homeric Hymns (works ascribed to Homer but not written by him) praises herrole as female twin to Apollo:

. . . Goddess of the loud chase, a maiden revered, the slayer of stags, the archer, very

sister of Apollo of the golden blade. She through the shadowy hills and the windy headlands rejoicing in the chase draws her golden bow, sending forth shafts of sorrow.

Then tremble the crests of the lofty mountains, and terribly the dark woodland rings

with din of beasts, and the earth shudders, and teeming sea. (Translated by Andrew

Lang)

Artemis

The various epithets of the goddess reflect

her many roles. She was called Orthia (upright)

and Lygodesma (willow bound) because of an

image of the goddess that was said to have

been found in a thicket of willows and was held

upright by willow fronds that twined around

it. Artemis was Agrotera (huntress), Coryphaea

(of the peak), Limnaea and Limatis (of the

lake), Daphnaea (of the laurel), Lyceia or Lycea

(wolfish), Aeginaea (goat goddess), Caryatis (of

the walnut tree), Ariste (best), Calliste (fairest).

Her most famous title was Artemis Plymastus

(many-breasted); she appeared in this form

at Ephesus. In the New Testament Artemis is

called Diana. In Acts 19 the famous temple of

Diana of the Ephesians is the great Artemisium

at Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the

Ancient World. Most literary allusions to the

goddess use her Roman name, Diana.

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