Hadrons, examples of which are protons and neutrons, are made up of different combinations of the six "flavors" of quarks, which are up, down, strange, charm, top and bottom. Each quark has a different mass and either has a charge of +2/3 or -1/3. All quarks have a 1/2 spin. Leptons are categorized into six sections: electrons, muons, taus, tau neutrinos, electron neutrinos, and muon neutrinos. All of the leptons have a 1/2 spin, with the neutrinos having a charge of 0 and the other three having a charge of -1. Basically, as the Standard Theory states, that all matter is made up of combinations of quarks and leptons with the various types of force particles.
Solar neutrinos are electron neutrinos that are in the sun. The sun is what produces nuclear fusion.
In an atom, the neutrons and protons are made up of up quarks and down quarks. Strange quarks, charms quarks, top quarks, and bottom quarks also exist, but do not play as much of a role in the structure of an atom.
No, neutrinos are mediated by weak interactions, Photons are mediated by electromagnetic interactions.
A quark may be one of several categories: up (+2/3 charge), down (-1/3 charge), charmed, strange, top, and bottom. A quark, generally speaking, has no subparticles of its own that are generally accepted or discussed, but, in terms of size, the gluon, the gauge boson that mediates the "glue" force between the quarks can be construed as "smaller" in size than a quark.
Quarks and neutrinos are smaller.
ALL the subatomic particles, protons, neutrons, electrons, quarks, neutrinos, etc.
Hadrons, examples of which are protons and neutrons, are made up of different combinations of the six "flavors" of quarks, which are up, down, strange, charm, top and bottom. Each quark has a different mass and either has a charge of +2/3 or -1/3. All quarks have a 1/2 spin. Leptons are categorized into six sections: electrons, muons, taus, tau neutrinos, electron neutrinos, and muon neutrinos. All of the leptons have a 1/2 spin, with the neutrinos having a charge of 0 and the other three having a charge of -1. Basically, as the Standard Theory states, that all matter is made up of combinations of quarks and leptons with the various types of force particles.
The strong nuclear force is mediated by the gluon and acts on both quarks and gluons themselves. The most common examples of the strong nuclear force are the binding of quarks to form protons and neutrons, and the binding of quarks to form mesons, which in turn are the particles that hold the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. The weak nuclear force is mediated by the W+, W-, and Z bosons and acts on all 6 flavors of quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom; and all 6 flavors of leptons: electrons, electron neutrinos, muons, muon neutrinos, taus, and tau neutrinos.
The strong nuclear force is mediated by the gluon and acts on both quarks and gluons themselves. The most common examples of the strong nuclear force are the binding of quarks to form protons and neutrons, and the binding of quarks to form mesons, which in turn are the particles that hold the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. The weak nuclear force is mediated by the W+, W-, and Z bosons and acts on all 6 flavors of quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom; and all 6 flavors of leptons: electrons, electron neutrinos, muons, muon neutrinos, taus, and tau neutrinos.
Leptons such as electrons, neutrinos, and their antiparticles are not affected by the strong force. This force only acts on particles that contain quarks, like protons and neutrons.
In the nucleus you find protons and neutrons.
The smallest part of an atom would be a quark. Quarks are either up or down quarks, and have virtually no mass. Neutrinos have even less mass, but are not part of an atom.
The series that lists particles in order from smallest to greatest mass typically starts with the fundamental particles: electrons and neutrinos, followed by quarks (up and down quarks being the lightest), then protons and neutrons (which are made up of quarks), and finally larger composite particles like mesons and baryons. Among these, the electron is the lightest, followed by neutrinos, while protons and neutrons have significantly greater mass. Ultimately, heavier particles such as the W and Z bosons, and the Higgs boson, rank higher in mass than these fundamental particles.
Three subatomic particles found in atoms besides protons, neutrons, and electrons are up quarks, down quarks, and gluons. Up quarks and down quarks are the fundamental particles that make up the protons and neutrons found in atomic nuclei. Gluons are the exchange particles that transfer the information regarding the strong nuclear force between the quarks.
They are called sub-atomic (or subatomic) particles ... some of the most common ones are named protons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, mesons, antimesons, neutrinos, antineutrinos, and quarks.
The two fundamental particles based on quark theory are quarks, which are the building blocks of matter, and leptons, which include electrons and neutrinos. Quarks are bound together by the strong nuclear force to form protons and neutrons, while leptons do not participate in the strong force.