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1. Demoralize Public Opinion:
Political Parties diffuse public opinion by their propaganda and statement of facts. They carry on one-sided propaganda and often act upon the principle of Suppressio veri (suppression of truth) and Suggest us falsi (propagation of falsehood); Every political party uses all the means at its disposal to win over public opinion in its favour.
Political parties defend their own policies and offer an unhealthy criticism of other parties. Naturally public opinion gets confused and demoralized. They appeal to emotion rather than reason! They appeal in the name of flag, symbols, slogans. They appeal in the name of persons and personalities rather than principles and policies.
2. Offer Opportunity to ambitious Type of Persons:
Political parties simply offer opportunities to political ring leaders, demagogues, careerists and political adventurers. The really intellectual people get a little chance of success in political life. In the words of C.R. Dass, a great Congress leader, politics is a game of scoundrels.
A person, who knows the art of public speaking and who has the knack of collecting suffrage in his favour, becomes a political leader. Men of art, science or literature arc generally election shy.
They always keep themselves away from the sordid game of politics. Nepotism, jobbery and spoils system flourish under the party system. Castcism, provincialism, linguism, and communalism dominate in elections.
3. Curblndividuality:
Political parties curb independent thinking. Every political party has an iron discipline of its own. The members of the political party arc supposed to cry ditto to what their political bosses say. The position of the members is reduced to that of camp followers.
A person having independent views of his own has no place in a political party. Independent members are generally turned out of the parties. The very threat of expulsion keeps the different members mum and silent. Individuality in fact gets curbed under the pressure of party discipline- However, without discipline there shall be chaos and anarchy.
Neither the government will be stable nor policies will be consistent. It avoids political corruption and parties can resist vested interests better than individuals could.
4. Loyality to the State Suffers:
The party system encourages party mentality which leads to disruption and separatism in the state. National interests are subordinated to party interests which assume topmost priority. Consequently, loyalty to the state takes the form of loyalty to the party. But no party can exist unless it believes in national integrity.
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