Your answer would be melted rock, iron, and nickel
Mantle plumes are in the mantle, BELOW the Earth's crust. The circulation of heat from the lower mantle to the upper mantle can cause "hot spots" in the overlying crust, heating the magma in the areas.
What brings material from the Mantle to the Earth's Surface is rock...
This is in the mantle or upper mantle.
called mantle convection. In this process, cooler, denser material from the upper mantle sinks towards the core, while warmer, less dense material rises to the surface. This cyclical movement drives the movement of tectonic plates, leading to geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountain ranges. Mantle convection is a key component of the Earth's internal dynamics and contributes to the planet's ongoing geological evolution.
Lithosphere
Yes. The mantle is composed of the plastic mantle, or the upper part, which is partially molten. The stiffer mantle is under it. it is not as molten
Magma comes from the melting of material in the crust or upper mantle.
The density of the mantle increases with depth due to the increase in pressure and temperature. The lower mantle, in particular the part known as the D'' layer, is where the density of the material is greater due to the higher pressure and temperatures compared to the upper mantle.
The sinking process in the lower mantle convection cell occurs when cooler, denser material from the upper mantle descends into the lower mantle. As this material sinks, it displaces the hotter, less dense material in the lower mantle, which then rises toward the upper mantle. This movement creates a continuous cycle of convection, facilitating heat transfer within the Earth and influencing geological processes such as plate tectonics. The sinking process is driven by thermal and compositional differences within the mantle.
The athenosphere is the layer of material (upper mantle) immediately below the Earth's crust.
upper mantle
The lower part of the mantle is called the "lower mantle" or "mesosphere", while the upper part of the mantle is referred to as the "upper mantle" or "asthenosphere".
The upper part of the mantle, known as the asthenosphere, contains molten material. This region is partially molten, allowing for the movement of tectonic plates. Deeper parts of the mantle, such as the lower mantle, contain solid rock due to higher pressures and temperatures.
A mineral called peridotite.
The crust and upper mantle make up the earth.
The The crust and the uppermost layer of the mantle form the lithosphere. The asthenosphere, which is still in the upper mantle, is the next layer down.
The upper mantle and the lower mantle.