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Romanesque architecture, prevalent from the 9th to 12th centuries, is characterized by its thick walls, rounded arches, and small windows, creating a heavy and solid appearance. In contrast, Gothic architecture, which emerged in the 12th century and continued into the 16th century, features pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, allowing for taller structures and larger windows adorned with intricate stained glass. These differences reflect a shift towards verticality and lightness in Gothic design compared to the more earthbound Romanesque style.

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