considerable damage
According to the US Geological survey the Haitian Earthquake had the capacity to cause some minor structural damage to buildings as far away as 300 km from the Earthquakes epicentre (level V or 5 on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale. It was felt by humans as far away as Guantanamo in Cuba (level III or 3 on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale) and would most likely have been detected by seismometers all over the world. Please see the related question and link.
Earthquakes are one (but not the only) cause of tsunamis.
It can cause earthquakes, volcanoes, oceanic trenches, mountains, tsunamis, and subduction.
Earthquakes can cause a volcano to erupt.
It all depends on how big the fault is, bigger ones will cause bigger earthquakes, while smaller, or small ones may cause no earthquake at all.
Earthquakescan be measured using the Mercalli Scale, which ranks earthquakes on their effects, such as how they were felt and the damage they caused. Undersea earthquakes can't be measured with this scale because they do not cause this type of damage
The Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale rates earthquakes acxcording to how much damage they cause at a particular place and the measured ground accelarattions as recorded by a seismomter. In Europe the Macroseismic sclae is used which is similar in concept to the MMI scale.
== The mercalli scale also known as the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale is a measure of the ground shaking from earthquakes. It is based on how people perceive earthquake shaking and/or the damage caused by an earthquake. Modified Mercalli Intensity is measured at individual locations so one earthquake can have many different measures of MMI. MMI is measured on a scale of 1 to 12 (actually Roman numerals) with 1 corresponding to the slightest shaking and 12 reflecting the strongest earthquake. MMI is not the same as earthquake magnitude which is a single measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake.
The Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale rates earthquakes acxcording to how much damage they cause at a particular place and the measured ground accelarattions as recorded by a seismomter. In Europe the Macroseismic sclae is used which is similar in concept to the MMI scale.
They are measured on the Richter Scale, if you are talking about the magnitude
The degree to which people feel an earthquake is referred to as its intensity, typically measured using the Modified Mercalli Scale. The amount of damage an earthquake causes is known as its magnitude, often measured using the Richter Scale or moment magnitude scale.
According to the US Geological survey the Haitian Earthquake had the capacity to cause some minor structural damage to buildings as far away as 300 km from the Earthquakes epicentre (level V or 5 on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale. It was felt by humans as far away as Guantanamo in Cuba (level III or 3 on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale) and would most likely have been detected by seismometers all over the world. Please see the related question and link.
According to the US Geological survey, the maximum intensity of the magnitude 9.5 Chilean earthquake of 1960 was rated as XI on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale which are described as very disastrous or extreme events which are likely to cause significant damage to structures. Please see the related link for details.
No, lightning does not cause earthquakes.
Earthquakes are one (but not the only) cause of tsunamis.
Earthquakes have a geological cause.
No. See the related question below for what does cause earthquakes.