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The energy conversion process of nuclear energy involves the release of binding energy, otherwise known as the strong atomic force, one of the four forces in play in this universe - the other three being the weak atomic force, the electromagnetic force, and gravity.

Binding energy holds atoms, particularly protons and neutrons, together. When we split an atom during nuclear fission (the most common form of man-made nuclear energy, or fuse atoms during nuclear fusion (not so common because of the technical problems in doing so), the end result is a loss of mass. Per Einstein's theory, this mass is converted back and forth to and from energy using the famous equation e = mc2. Since c2 is a very large term, 9 x 1016, the mass/energy ratio is enormous.

In most nuclear power plants, this energy release comes in the form of heat, and is used to boil water to make steam, which spins turbines that make electricity.

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