Persia was looking to establish peace and stable government within its empire. The Greek cities within it were being encouraged in revolt by their mother-cities in mainland Greece. Persia decided that the only way to stop this was to bring those cities within the empire and establish an ethnic fromtier. The battles were designed to give effect to this policy.
According to Herodotus' history of the Persian Wars, Xerxes demanded tokens of earth and water from the Greeks. Some Greek city-states complied, and some did not. Sparta not only refused to submit, but they threw the Persian envoys into a well and told them to collect their own water, while the Athenians threw their Persian envoys into a pit and told them to collect their own earth. This part of the history reads like fiction, and I think it probably is. There are other indications that Herodotus was writing historical fiction rather than real history, and he may have exaggerated the numbers of the Persian Army to make the Greeks appear even more the underdogs.
Parthenon was there in both the first [490 BCE] and the second [480 BCE] Persian Greek wars but was destroyed by the Persians when they entered the evacuated city of Athens just before the naval battle of Salamis where the Greeks won the Persian and Phoenician fleets.
The Greco-Persian Wars took place primarily in ancient Greece and the Persian Empire, spanning from 499 to 449 BCE. Key battles occurred in various locations, including Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea. These conflicts were primarily fought over control and influence in the Aegean region and involved major Greek city-states like Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire.
By obstructing the pass, the Persian army's advance into southern Greece was delayed. As the Persian fleet threatened the Greek cities and the cities kept their armies at home guarding against an amphibious attack on them, the Greeks plan was to provoke a sea battle to destroy the Persian fleet. The idea was that holding the pass would force the Persians to try to outflank the position by sea, and the Greek fleet would pounce. Unfortunately for the Greeks the sea battle went against them, so holding the pass was to no avail. The troops holding the pass were therefore withdrawn. The Spartan contingent selflessly continued to hold to let the other city contingents escape.
The Persian pottery symbol of life is often represented by the "Tree of Life," which signifies growth, fertility, and interconnectedness. This motif frequently features lush foliage and vibrant animals, embodying the harmony between nature and existence. The Tree of Life is a common theme in Persian art, reflecting the cultural emphasis on the cyclical nature of life and the importance of nature in human existence.
Is this a question about civil war in Persia.
The Persian Empire went to war with the Greeks during the Greco-Persian Wars, which occurred in the 5th century BCE. Notable conflicts include the Battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis, where the Greeks united against the Persian forces. These wars ultimately led to a significant decline in Persian influence in the region and the rise of Greek city-states, particularly Athens and Sparta, as major powers.
It was not the Greeks, it was the Macedonians, who used Greek and other mercenaries to support them. Alexander the Great king of Macedonia, spent ten years taking over the Persian Empire. He did this in three major battles which broke coordinated Persian resistance, and then dealt with the outlying provinces one at a time.
At Marathon and Salamis, the Greek cities defeated the Persian forces. At Thermopylai the Persian forces defeated the Greek cities.
They did at the battles of Salamis, Plataea and Mykale, which saw the Persian invasion force withdrawn.
The Persian leader defeated by the Greeks was Darius.
The Persians attacked the Greeks in the Persian war
The Greeks prevailing over Persian expansionism gave to the Greeks confidence in their military arms to defeat Persian armies/navies .
The Persian ruler who was the son of Darius I and battled the Greeks was Xerxes I. He is best known for his invasion of Greece during the Greco-Persian Wars, which included the famous battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. Xerxes aimed to expand the Persian Empire and avenge his father's defeat at the Battle of Marathon. His campaign, while initially aggressive, ultimately ended in failure for the Persians.
The Persian Empire.
It is unclear what you mean by "perisain army." If you are referring to the Persian army, then the Greeks, particularly the city-states of Athens and Sparta, joined forces to defeat the Persians in the Greco-Persian Wars. The exact composition of the allied forces varied depending on the specific battles, but the Greeks were successful in repelling the Persian invasions.
There were dozens, large and small. The most decisive were: 480 BCE Artemesium - Greek defeat 480 BCE Salamis - Persian defeat 479 BCE Plataea and Mycale - Persian defeats 466 BCE Eurymedon - Persian defeat 450 BCE Cyprus - Persian defeat