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Films and photo papers contain light-sensitive grains called silver halides. When you develop, the silver halide grains that were struck by light are chemically reduced to black metallic silver. The remaining silver halide grains have to be removed from the material or they'll get dark and ruin your picture. Fixer dissolves the silver halide grains and the water wash which follows removes them so your picture will be permanent.

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8y ago
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7y ago

Photo emulsion works by collecting light with silver halide grains. In the developer step, all the exposed grains are turned into metallic silver. If you don't remove the undeveloped halides and expose the film to light, eventually the halides will turn black on their own.

If you have a package of paper and don't mind wasting part of a sheet, cut off a little, put a quarter on it (to block the light from getting to the emulsion) and set it out in room light. Eventually the paper will turn black all by itself.


The fixer washes away the undeveloped halides, preventing the light-darkening reaction.

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