Well seeing as Byzantine Art really only applies to a style of art in the Byzantine Empire and not the world, one can't really give a definite name to its predecessor. However, Byzantine Art was influenced by art from the Roman Empire (Roman Art).
Christianity.
Renaissance art focuses on portraying the natural world as it actually is. Human figures have weight and dimension. Byzantine art is stylized, things are recognizable but not meant to duplicate what you see in real life. Human figures look a bit like paper dolls.
Art historians have divided the history of art into periods. The first period in art history is the Upper Paleolithic period beginning in 35,000 BC. The Renaissance was also a period in art. Often the term style is used interchangeably with period. Basically, certain characteristics appear and can be identified in pieces of art which give clues as to the style or period. A good example is Song Dynasty Chinese art.
The transitional period in Greek art is 480 to 450 B. C.
Gothic art began in the Medieval period with architecture and sculptures. Gothic art today is very different from the art back then.
Byzantine art was paid for mostly by emperors and the Orthodox church.
Frescoes were less widespread in the Byzantine period than in the classical period. They were often replaced by wall mosaics.
Panagiotes Andreou Micheles has written: 'An aesthetic approach to Byzantine art' -- subject(s): Art, Byzantine, Byzantine Art
Ottoman art was a mixture of Byzantine and Chinese art.
A. Stylianou has written: '\\' -- subject(s): Art, Art, Byzantine, Art, Medieval, Byzantine Art, Holy Cross, Legends, Medieval Art 'An important Venetian map of Crete by Bartolomeo dalli Sonetti , ca. 1480' 'Byzantine Cyprus' -- subject(s): Art
Tania Velmans has written: 'Rayonnement de Byzance' -- subject(s): Art, Byzantine, Byzantine Art 'L' embarquement pour Byzance' -- subject(s): Art, Byzantine, Byzantine Art, Civilization, Description and travel, Travel
"Byzantine" art - mosaics, religious icons, domed cathedrals
Christianity.
Byzantine art evolved from early Christan art, particularly that of the eastern part of the Roman Empire which, in turn, was influenced by Greek and Roman art.
Thomas F. Mathews has written: 'Le Monde byzantin' 'Byzantium From Antiquity to the Renaissance' 'Art and religion : faith, form and religion' -- subject(s): Art and religion 'Art and Architecture in Byzantium and Armenia' -- subject(s): Architecture, Byzantine, Architecture, Early Christian, Armenian Art, Art, Armenian, Art, Byzantine, Byzantine Architecture, Byzantine Art, Christian art and symbolism, Early Christian Architecture
The Byzantine Art Movement was prominent during the 5th Century up til 1453. This art movement was endorsed by the Orthodox Church leading to painted mosaics and frescoes of religious icons (Virgin Mary, Jesus, etc.). These works of art were posted around churches in homage to the reigning Eastern Orthodox religion. However, when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453, the Byzantine Art form also fell out of favor.
Modern Art appears before the Baroque Period on a historical timeline.