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Both cities worshipped the same basic gods and goddesses, but their importance varied. For example, Athena was the goddess of culture, art, music, poetry, and all things creative which were frowned upon in Sparta. Athena was also the patron goddess and protectress of Athens, the city being named for her, and Athens was the only significant rival to Sparta. Of course, she would not have been a favorite goddess in Sparta. Yet, she was a goddess, and it was unwise to disrespect her. Also, Athena was a warrior. Of the major Hellenistic female goddesses, she was the only one depicted with armor and weapons. At least this aspect of Athena's personality may have been admired by the Spartans, or maybe not.

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