The Athenian empire was stronger at sea, the alliance led by Sparta was stronger on land.
No, its opponent Athens did, brought on be its people being cooped up in Athens under siege by the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.
No, Sparta became most powerful after Athens was defeated in the Peloponnesian War, was stripped of its empire and revenue, and so lost its golden age without the money it mulcted from its empire.
Each had allies which augmented its power. Athens had an empire of about 180 city-states spread around the eastern Aegean Sea,. It had strong walls, which extended down to the sea, which enabled it to be resupplied during a siege. It also had a superior navy, which gave it the ability to threaten and raid opposing cities of the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta, and to ensure resupply of the city by sea from its empire. The Peloponnesian League had the strongest land forces, and was able to besiege Athens. By whittling don Athens' allies, it progressively reduced Athens' power and resupply, until finally after 27 years of fighting, the Athenian fleet was destroyed (Persia gave money to pay for a Peloponnesian fleet) and Athens was starved into submission.
ANSWER There had been three major leagues formed by Greeks city states: The Peloponnesian League under Sparta's hegemony, formed about the mid of the VI century BC to contrast the Athens's power. The first Delian-Attica league under Athens's hegemony, formed in 478-477 BC during the last phase of the Persian Wars. The second Delian-Attica League under Athens's hegemony, formed in 377 BC in opposition to the military alliance between Sparta and the Persian Empire.
Agiad Dynasty: Pleistonax to 409 BCE then PausaniasEurypontid Dynasty: Archidamus II to 429 BCE then Agis II.
We call it the Peloponnesian War today because it was between the Athenian Empire and the Peloponnesian League, of which Sparta was a member and leader. At the time, they referred to it the war between Sparta and its allies and Athens and its allies.
Sparta .
During the Peloponnesian war.
The advantage that Athens had during the Peloponnesian wars was that they had a bigger army. They also had a larger Navy.
No, its opponent Athens did, brought on be its people being cooped up in Athens under siege by the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.
The actual trigger was Athens' ruinous trading ban on its neighbour Megara, which was a member of the Peloponnesian League headed by Sparta which was opposing Athenian expansionism. The League asked Athens to rescind the ban, Athens refused and war broke out.
Notably , the main leaders during the Peloponnesian Wars was Pericles leading Athens and Archidamus II of Sparta ~ See related link below .
Sparta had the largest area after it conquered the southern Peloponnese, while Athens had limited land in Attica, until it created an empire for 50 years of the GREEK cities in the eastern Aegean Sea littoral.
Athens was not in control of Sparta before, during or after the war. The only facet of its military that was stronger than Sparta's was the Athenian navy.
The generals on either side who changed during the course of the 27-yer war - scores of them.
When Athens used its navy to good effect during the 27-year Peloponnesian War, Sparta realised that it had to get the Peloponnesian league an equally strong nave to succeed. They took money from Persia to build a fleet which finally destroyed the Athenian navy and led to Athens' surrender.
Most of the Peloponnesian city-states.