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Many reasons. Here are a few.

  • Britain was determined to restore the Bourbon monarchy in France and so consistently bankrolled military coalitions against Napoleon.
  • Napoleon's unpopular Continental System which banned trade between Britain and Napoleon's empire.
  • Napoleon's invasion of Spain. Here his troops encountered resistance from guerrilla fighters. Napoleon greatly misjudged local attitudes to his reforms as well as the power and involvement of the Catholic Church in Spain.
  • Napoleon's Russian campaign (1812). The Russians drew Napoleon as far as Borodino and burned down Moscow before Napoleon arrived. Napoleon should have quickly declared victory and left but he chose instead to wait for a treaty with the Tsar (temporarily residing in St Petersburg). It never came and the army marched back in bitter winter at the loss of 500,000 troops.

The allied forces reached Paris in 1814, before Napoleon's brief rise over the 100 days return from Elba, until his final fall at Waterloo in 1815.

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11y ago

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