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Contrary to how many (including my younger self) envision the process, fission is not a process of a nucleon blasting its way into a nucleus, scattering the latter like a fast moving marble smashing into a group of other marbles. Instead, it results when a nucleus is too large to be stable for more than a few micro-seconds. This happens when a nucleus absorbs one too many nucleons. Thus, the best way to create fission is to send a nucleon into the nucleus that will absorb that nucleon.

It so happens that slow neutrons are BY FAR the most likely nucleons to absorbed by a nucleus, leading to a nucleus so unstable that it breaks apart. Protons and fast neutrons simply have so little chance of being absorbed, that they could never be used to create fission.

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Q: Why do neutrons work better than protons in causing fission?
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Related questions

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